> Sent: Friday, April 03, 2009 6:49 PM > Subject: Re: Designing a new vertical sensor > > >> NOTES From A layman (Vs Expert): >> >> I believe that increasing the mass >> will increase the signal to noise ratio but not sure. >> I used an old 500Lb. seismometer once that >> had a 100+ lb AVADUPOISE. ( I think ) mass and it would receive >> even the surface waves well yet it was a 1 sec device. >> Best vertical I ever tried. >> USE Pb ( PlumBum ) as the mass. >> A typical soda can of Lead. >> Possibly 8 + LBS avd. or around 1 gallon of water. >> >> I believe that using a balanced sensor will >> make the electronics easier to build by >> providing a proper input for a op amp diff amp. >> As well as doubling the signal level >> and somewhat lowering the noise level. >> Noise will cancel 50% of the time but also >> increase 50% time so possibly there is no >> noise advantage to this. >> >> A balanced sensor is two coils/magnets wired in >> additive fashion with the center point grounded >> making a single three wire sensor. >> (SORT OF CLASS "B" push pull kind of thing but not exactly that) >> But both must be matched as close as possible to being >> identical. Both sensors can use the same mass >> or be two separate single devices on the same >> foundation (platform). Cable should be 100% >> shielded and possibly the preamp located at the sensor >> itself with maybe 50Ft of cable at most. >> >> The shield should probably be cut just before reaching the >> sensor but not sure. If everything is insulated from EARTH you >> might surround even the sensor in the electrical ground. >> Grounding is important to eliminate static and RFI >> noise as well as the 60hz power hum that might originate >> from power lines. >> >> Use magnetic damping separate from the sensor >> and you will get better output from the sensor. >> >> IF you could place the mass in a vacuum >> there would be no buoyancy effects for >> changes in air density on the mass. >> >> The greater the A/d Resolution the lower the overall >> gain needs to be in the electronics. >> >> Filter Low Pass the output so that the Aliasing >> Freq occurs at 0Db or less of electrical gain if possible. >> >> Match all your components as closely as possible >> in the preamp to avoid baseline drifting and common >> mode problems ( same signal on the two main signal leads ) . >> >> Double regulate the power supply with at least >> three+ volts between the output and the source. >> So if you got 5 volts out you need at very least 8 >> volts in. >> >> Anything at all that varies could affect the input >> into your A/D converter. And all you want is pure signal. >> >> The best of all would possibly be a three axis signal that is >> mathematically combined to create a single magnitude. >> But then you are not concerning yourself with the >> three dimensions but only phases and first time >> of arrival which is what interests myself the most. >> >> Some people believe that the sensor magnet is fixed >> to the physical ground >> is the best way to go but not sure here since I have >> had excellent results with short period devices >> the other way around. >> >> If you could string 100 devices together >> 50 on each side of Signal ground >> And locate them on the same platform >> just think of the sensitivity >> that might produce. But who has that >> kind of monies >> >> It seems to me that all kinds of waves >> may be realized in the vertical since >> when you squeeze or relax forces in the earth >> bulges will be realized at the surface >> as vertical motions. >> ( Pardon my terms I am only a layman :-) ) >> >> I think you are not interested in the electronics >> but not sure about that. Need the tools.Expensive. >> (designing/Making Your Own or building premade kits) >> But you can do exactly what you want this way. >> I do not recommend this unless you have great amount time >> on your hands. >> geoff >> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Designing a new vertical sensor From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Sat, 4 Apr 2009 17:19:54 -0400 Hi Ted, Note that mass itself does not have much influence on sensitivity, and high mass makes proper damping harder to achieve. I can see no advantage to having balanced outputs. A seismometer using a vertical spring is the worst design possible. For example, a vertical spring must be stretched one meter from its zero length to obtain a natural period of two seconds. You should take a look at the AS-1 student seismometer http://www.jclahr.com/science/psn/as1/index.html Also, see the vertical sensor described on my web site http://bobmcclure90.googlepages.com/sitemap While you are there, download the "SpringCalc.zip" file. Experimenting with this application will help you in designing a vertical seismometer, using whatever spring you might have available. Whatever you do, use magnetic damping or shunt resistive damping, never oil damping. Amateur vertical sensors usually have too short a period for adequately displaying teleseisms, especially the S and L phases. The AS-1 uses a "bass boost amplifier to make up for loss of long-period response. However, my WQFilter program can extend the useful period by many times without the need for electronic compensation. My sensor has a period of 4.4 seconds, but I use WQFilter to extend the response to 32 seconds. I use an amplifier built by Larry Cochrane, modified to pass DC by shorting out the interstage coupling capacitor. The resulting output bias level is somewhat sensitive to ambient temperature rate of change, but tolerable. I found the amplifier to be unstable when hooked up to my sensor. This problem was cured by placing a one microfarad bipolar capacitor across the input terminals. Cheers, Bob __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Designing a new vertical sensor From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sat, 4 Apr 2009 22:06:24 EDT In a message dated 04/04/2009, gmvoeth@........... writes: I believe that increasing the mass will increase the signal to noise ratio but not sure. I used an old 500Lb. seismometer once Hi Geoff, You can get away fine with 500gm to 1kg mass. Anything more just adds cost and construction problems. You only needed massive weights to drive a mechanical amplifier + a pen on chart paper. This went out with photographic and later with direct electronic recording. I believe that using a balanced sensor will make the electronics easier to build by providing a proper input for a op amp diff amp. You should NOT be limited by electronic noise. It is background seismic noise which is the problem. A single ended stage is quite satisfactory. If you are troubled by electronic noise, redesign your amplifier, or copy a known good circuit. You can wind a bifilar coil, but differential input opamps do not have the very low noise that you can get from single opamps. You can also buy bifilar insulated equipment wire. The INA118 is one of the best of the differential amplifier types. A balanced sensor is two coils/magnets wired in additive fashion with the center point grounded making a single three wire sensor. But both must be matched as close as possible to being identical. Both sensors can use the same mass or be two separate single devices on the same foundation (platform). Do it if it makes you happy, but it is not necessary Cable should be 100% shielded and possibly the preamp located at the sensor itself with maybe 50Ft of cable at most. Short, buried cable runs are to be preferred. Use cable with a woven braid shield. You also need to consider lightning protection for long cable runs. The shield should probably be cut just before reaching the sensor but not sure. If everything is insulated from EARTH you might surround even the sensor in the electrical ground. Grounding is important to eliminate static and RFI noise as well as the 60hz power hum that might originate from power lines. Earth the sensor frame through the coaxial shield braid. Earth the cable at the amplifier input. Use magnetic damping separate from the sensor and you will get better output from the sensor. This will lower the noise. IF you could place the mass in a vacuum there would be no buoyancy effects for changes in air density on the mass. You can either place the sensor in a sealed container or compensate the arm with a sealed balance wolume. A vacuum is not essential, but it can eliminate any convection noise. The greater the A/D Resolution the lower the overall gain needs to be in the electronics. Preferably use an ADC with 16 bit +/-1/2 LSB resolution. Some of the Sigma-Delta converters give this, but with old fast ADCs you may need to use signal averaging to remove the converter noise, sometines three bits. Filter Low Pass the output so that the Aliasing Freq occurs at 0Db or less of electrical gain if possible. Set the loss at the Aliasing frequency to be at least 20 dB, preferably 30 to 40 dB Match all your components as closely as possible in the preamp to avoid baseline drifting and common mode problems (same signal on the two main signal leads). Use 1% Metal Film resistors only, never carbon. You may want to buy 5% capacitors and then pick out near matching pairs for filters. Use polyester coupling capacitors, NOT Alumium or Tantalum Electrolytics. Double regulate the power supply with at least three + volts between the output and the source. So if you got 5 volts out you need at very least 8 volts in. Using 15V and then 12V regulators in series will reduce noise and drift. Anything at all that varies could affect the input into your A/D converter. And all you want is pure signal. The best of all would possibly be a three axis signal that is mathematically combined to create a single magnitude. But then you are not concerning yourself with the three dimensions but only phases and first time of arrival which is what interests myself the most. You usually want to know the amplitudes and phases of the three components separately. This gives you the directional information. Some people believe that the sensor magnet is fixed to the physical ground is the best way to go but not sure here since I have had excellent results with short period devices the other way around. DO NOT put magnets on the arm, unless they are totally shielded and even this is inadvisable. DO NOT use ferromagnetic components on the arm unless absloutely necessary. A Brass mass is preferable to Lead. It is easier to machine, physically stronger and you can drill and tap holes in it. Lead is so soft that it can relax under a clamp, but you can soft solder it to brass fixture. If you could string 100 devices together 50 on each side of Signal ground And locate them on the same platform just think of the sensitivity that might produce. But who has that kind of monies This would be an array. They are principally used in direction finding, CTBT Arays, Volcanoes and for reducing local seismic noise. I think you are not interested in the electronics but not sure about that. Need the tools. Expensive. (designing/Making Your Own or building premade kits) But you can do exactly what you want this way. I do not recommend this unless you have great amount time on your hands. Either buy an amplifier from Larry, build a similar type from John's website, or get interested in electronics. Some systems like the above require a period extending amplifier. Take a look at Dewayne Hill's vertical at _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/hill/index.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/hill/index.html) Then add quad magnetic block + plate damping. DON'T bother to try out oil damping! Remove the knife edge suspension and substitute two flex wires in tension. This reduces noise. Clamp both ends of the suspension spring. This reduces noise. Add a quad magnet block + rectangular sensor coil to give a greatly increased signal output, probably > 20x. Fit a 1/f^2 to linear amplifier and you can sense quakes from 5 Hz to 20 seconds very nicely. This avoids the problems associated with the high thermal coefficient of steel springs / providing Ni-SpanC springs. Aim for a mass of about 1 lb and cut the spring length to suit. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 04/04/2009, gmvoeth@........... writes:

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>I=20 believe that increasing the mass will increase the signal to noise ratio b= ut=20 not sure.
I used an old 500Lb. seismometer once

Hi Geoff,

You can get away fine with 500gm to 1kg mass.=20 Anything more just adds cost and construction problems. You only needed= =20 massive weights to drive a mechanical amplifier + a pen on chart paper. This= =20 went out with photographic and later with direct electronic recording.

I believe that using a balanced sensor will make the electronics ea= sier=20 to build by providing a proper input for a op amp diff amp.

You should NOT be limited by electronic noise.=20= It=20 is background seismic noise which is the problem. A single ended stage is qu= ite=20 satisfactory. If you are troubled by electronic noise, redesign your amplifi= er,=20 or copy a known good circuit.

You can wind a bifilar coil, but differential i= nput=20 opamps do not have the very low noise that you can get from single opamps. Y= ou=20 can also buy bifilar insulated equipment wire. The INA118 is one of the= =20 best of the differential amplifier types.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>A=20 balanced sensor is two coils/magnets wired in additive fashion with the ce= nter=20 point grounded
making a single three wire sensor. But both must be= =20 matched as close as possible to being
identical. Both sensors can use t= he=20 same mass or be two separate single devices on the same
foundation=20 (platform).

Do it if it makes you happy, but it is not=20 necessary

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Cable=20 should be 100% shielded and possibly the preamp located at the sensor itse= lf=20 with maybe 50Ft of cable at most.

Short, buried cable runs are to be preferred. U= se=20 cable with a woven braid shield. You also need to consider lightning=20 protection for long cable runs.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>The=20 shield should probably be cut just before reaching the sensor but not sure= .. If=20 everything is insulated from EARTH you might surround even the sensor in t= he=20 electrical ground. Grounding is important to eliminate static and RFI nois= e as=20 well as the 60hz power hum that might originate
from power=20 lines.

Earth the sensor frame through the coaxial shie= ld=20 braid. Earth the cable at the amplifier input.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Use=20 magnetic damping separate from the sensor and you will get better output f= rom=20 the sensor.

This will lower the noise.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>IF you=20 could place the mass in a vacuum there would be no buoyancy effects for=20 changes in air density on the mass.

You can either place the sensor in a sealed=20 container or compensate the arm with a sealed balance wolume. A vacuum is no= t=20 essential, but it can eliminate any convection noise.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>The=20 greater the A/D Resolution the lower the overall gain needs to be in the=20 electronics.

Preferably use an ADC with 16 bit +/-1/2 LSB=20 resolution. Some of the Sigma-Delta converters give this, but with old=20= fast=20 ADCs you may need to use signal averaging to remove the converter noise,=20 sometines three bits.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Filter=20 Low Pass the output so that the Aliasing Freq occurs at 0Db or less of=20 electrical gain if possible.

Set the loss at the Aliasing frequency to be at= =20 least 20 dB, preferably 30 to 40 dB

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Match=20 all your components as closely as possible in the preamp to avoid baseline= =20 drifting and common mode problems (same signal on the two main signal=20 leads).

Use 1% Metal Film resistors only, never carbon.= You=20 may want to buy 5% capacitors and then pick out near matching pairs for filt= ers.=20 Use polyester coupling capacitors, NOT Alumium or Tantalum=20 Electrolytics.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Double=20 regulate the power supply with at least three + volts between the output a= nd=20 the source.
So if you got 5 volts out you need at very least 8 volts=20 in.

Using 15V and then 12V regulators in series wil= l=20 reduce noise and drift.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Anything=20 at all that varies could affect the input
into your A/D converter. And=20= all=20 you want is pure signal.

The best of all would possibly be a three=20= axis=20 signal that is mathematically combined to create a single magnitude. But t= hen=20 you are not concerning yourself with the three dimensions but only phases=20= and=20 first time of arrival which is what interests myself the=20 most.

You usually want to know the amplitudes and pha= ses=20 of the three components separately. This gives you the directional=20 information.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>Some=20 people believe that the sensor magnet is fixed to the physical ground is t= he=20 best way to go but not sure here since I have had excellent results with s= hort=20 period devices the other way around.

DO NOT put magnets on the arm, unless they are=20 totally shielded and even this is inadvisable. DO NOT use ferromagnetic=20 components on the arm unless absloutely necessary. A Brass mass is preferabl= e to=20 Lead. It is easier to machine, physically stronger and you can drill an= d=20 tap holes in it. Lead is so soft that it can relax under a clamp, but you ca= n=20 soft solder it to brass fixture.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>If you=20 could string 100 devices together 50 on each side of Signal ground And loc= ate=20 them on the same platform just think of the sensitivity that might produce= ..=20 But who has that kind of monies

This would be an array. They are principally us= ed=20 in direction finding, CTBT Arays, Volcanoes and for reducing local seis= mic=20 noise.

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>I think=20 you are not interested in the electronics but not sure about that. Need th= e=20 tools. Expensive.
(designing/Making Your Own or building premade kits)=20= But=20 you can do exactly what you want this way. I do not recommend this unless=20= you=20 have great amount time on your hands.

Either buy an amplifier from Larry, build a sim= ilar=20 type from John's website, or get interested in electronics. Some systems lik= e=20 the above require a period extending amplifier.

Take a look at Dewayne Hill's vertical at http://jclahr.com/sci= ence/psn/hill/index.html

Then add quad magnetic block + plate damping. D= ON'T=20 bother to try out oil damping!

Remove the knife edge suspension and substitute= two=20 flex wires in tension. This reduces noise.

Clamp both ends of the suspension spring. This=20 reduces noise.

Add a quad magnet block + rectangular sensor co= il=20 to give a greatly increased signal output, probably > 20x.

Fit a 1/f^2 to linear amplifier and you=20 can sense quakes from 5 Hz to 20 seconds very nicely.

This avoids the problems associated with the hi= gh=20 thermal coefficient of steel springs / providing Ni-SpanC springs.

Aim for a mass of about 1 lb and cut the spring= =20 length to suit.

Regards,

Chris=20 Chapman

Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sat, 4 Apr 2009 22:15:29 EDT In a message dated 04/04/2009 03:33:28 GMT Daylight Time, jonfr@......... writes: I have made changes to my Lehman type sensor. It now works (peak is there) on 0.3Hz, with the lower end around 0.030Hz. I hope that this is good enough for me to record teleseismic events. Hi Jon, Can you extract about 10 minutes of the data file with background noise on it and send it to me please? What changes have you made to your Lehman? Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 04/04/2009 03:33:28 GMT Daylight Time, jonfr@........ om=20 writes:

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size= =3D2>I have=20 made changes to my Lehman type sensor. It now works (peak is
there) on=20 0.3Hz, with the lower end around 0.030Hz. I hope that this is
good enou= gh=20 for me to record teleseismic events.

Hi Jon,

Can you extract about 10 minutes of the data fi= le=20 with background noise on it and send it to me please?

What changes have you made to your Lehman?

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Ocean noise ? From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Mon, 06 Apr 2009 18:09:49 +0000 Hi Where is the ocean noise when I look at seismometer ? I think I finally got my lehman seismomter right, I did do some changes today. However, there is a spike around 0.5Hz and it is huge. I do live close the ocean, the distance is less then 100 meters. So I am wondering if I am seeing noise from the ocean that is close to me. Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Ocean noise ? From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Mon, 06 Apr 2009 14:30:39 -0500 J�n Fr�mann I was watching something between 17:22 and 17:30 here in southern Indiana USA. I was waiting for an update to the earthquake list which hasn't shown any new listings since about 13:00. I thought maybe aftershocks in Italy. I show a minor peak on FFT's around .5 but a much more pronounced peak at .05 on the Lehmans. What has confused me is the high "peaks" on FFT's on the 4.5 hz geophones from .05 down to .005. (Maybe "peaks" aren't the word for it --- but there is a general down slope from .005 to .5 which isn't there normally....and all the horizontal units show this trend.) tom d __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Tue, 07 Apr 2009 03:13:30 +0000 Hello Here is the latest change to my lehman sensor. It peaks around 0.7Hz, but FFT check shows activity down to 0.02Hz or about. Here is the picture of the latest change. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4070001.jpg.html Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: KipECS@....... Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2009 00:56:47 EDT Nice pictures, interesting construction technique and improvement In a message dated 4/6/2009 11:13:52 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, jonfr@......... writes: http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4070001.jpg.html **************A Good Credit Score is 700 or Above. See yours in just 2 easy steps! (http://pr.atwola.com/promoclk/100126575x1221421323x1201417385/aol?redir=http:%2F%2Fwww.freecreditreport.com%2Fpm%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fsc%3D668072%26hmpgID %3D62%26bcd%3DAprilfooterNO62)

Nice pictures, interesting construction technique and=20 improvement

In a message dated 4/6/2009 11:13:52 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,=20 jonfr@......... writes:

<= FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" color=3D#000000 size=3D2=20 face=3DArial>http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4070001.jp= g.html

A Good Cred= it Score is 700 or Above. See you= rs in just 2 easy steps!

Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Tue, 07 Apr 2009 19:32:41 +0000 Hi I belive that I found the last problem (according to the idea). The last problem is the alunium rod that I have used as an arm. I belive that it was too soft to work properly and because of that I didn't behave correctly. I am going to replace it with iron based arm and there is going to be a steel based end on it. I hope that gives me the resault that I want. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On =FEri, 2009-04-07 at 00:56 -0400, KipECS@....... wrote: > Nice pictures, interesting construction technique and improvement > =20 > In a message dated 4/6/2009 11:13:52 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, > jonfr@......... writes: > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4070001.jpg.ht= ml >=20 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Wed, 08 Apr 2009 06:43:47 +1000 Hi Jon, having iron in that area within the field of the magnet is= =20 not a good idea you would be much better off to use brass if you didnt want to use= aluminium. I also notice from your photo's that your pickup wire from the coil a rather heavy looking wire will also affect the movement of the arm. The= =20 usual practice, if a person insists of putting the coil on the arm, is to=20 terminate the heavier wire at the pivot end of the arm and to use VERY FINE from that=20 termination, say 24-28 SWG enamelled wire wound in a loose coil say ~ 5= turns of pencil/ pen diameter, then terminate that fine wire on the base of the= =20 seismom. and then run heavier wire again to the electronics. I can almost guarantee that the way you have taken your wire off the arm=20 will have a serious effect on the free movement of the arm! Dave N Sydney At 07:32 PM 4/7/2009 +0000, you wrote: >Hi >I belive that I found the last problem (according to the idea). The last >problem is the alunium rod that I have used as an arm. I belive that it >was too soft to work properly and because of that I didn't behave >correctly. >I am going to replace it with iron based arm and there is going to be a >steel based end on it. I hope that gives me the resault that I want. >Regards. >J=F3n Fr=EDmann. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2009 13:53:07 -0700 Jon, Without damping, cause the pendulum to swing a few centimeters and = record how long it takes for the swing distance to drop to 1/2 the original = width. Also what is the resonant period? Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: Tuesday, April 07, 2009 12:33 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi I belive that I found the last problem (according to the idea). The last problem is the alunium rod that I have used as an arm. I belive that it was too soft to work properly and because of that I didn't behave correctly. I am going to replace it with iron based arm and there is going to be a steel based end on it. I hope that gives me the resault that I want. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On =FEri, 2009-04-07 at 00:56 -0400, KipECS@....... wrote: > Nice pictures, interesting construction technique and improvement > =20 > In a message dated 4/6/2009 11:13:52 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, > jonfr@......... writes: > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4070001.jpg.html >=20 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Wed, 08 Apr 2009 00:57:11 +0000 Hi I will change the wire layout when I get the new arm. I was adviced to keep the coil on the arm, not the base it self. The natrual period of the sensor as it was setup was around 0.3Hz. But it's range was only limited to that. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-08 at 06:43 +1000, Dave Nelson wrote: > Hi Jon, > having iron in that area within the field of the magnet i= s=20 > not a good idea > you would be much better off to use brass if you didnt want to use alumi= nium. >=20 > I also notice from your photo's that your pickup wire from the coil > a rather heavy looking wire will also affect the movement of the arm. Th= e=20 > usual > practice, if a person insists of putting the coil on the arm, is to=20 > terminate the > heavier wire at the pivot end of the arm and to use VERY FINE from that=20 > termination, say 24-28 SWG enamelled wire wound in a loose coil say ~ 5 = turns > of pencil/ pen diameter, then terminate that fine wire on the base of t= he=20 > seismom. > and then run heavier wire again to the electronics. >=20 > I can almost guarantee that the way you have taken your wire off the arm=20 > will have > a serious effect on the free movement of the arm! >=20 > Dave N > Sydney >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > At 07:32 PM 4/7/2009 +0000, you wrote: > >Hi > >I belive that I found the last problem (according to the idea). The last > >problem is the alunium rod that I have used as an arm. I belive that it > >was too soft to work properly and because of that I didn't behave > >correctly. > >I am going to replace it with iron based arm and there is going to be a > >steel based end on it. I hope that gives me the resault that I want. > >Regards. > >J=F3n Fr=EDmann. >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2009 09:52:41 -0700 Hi Jon, Have you tried raising the front end of the sensor to increase the = period. Were you able to measure the time it takes the undamped arm swing = distance to reduce by 1/2 after a gentle push. Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: Tuesday, April 07, 2009 5:57 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi I will change the wire layout when I get the new arm. I was adviced to keep the coil on the arm, not the base it self. The natrual period of the sensor as it was setup was around 0.3Hz. But it's range was only limited to that. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-08 at 06:43 +1000, Dave Nelson wrote: > Hi Jon, > having iron in that area within the field of the = magnet is > not a good idea > you would be much better off to use brass if you didnt want to use aluminium. >=20 > I also notice from your photo's that your pickup wire from the = coil > a rather heavy looking wire will also affect the movement of the arm. = The > usual > practice, if a person insists of putting the coil on the arm, is to=20 > terminate the > heavier wire at the pivot end of the arm and to use VERY FINE from = that=20 > termination, say 24-28 SWG enamelled wire wound in a loose coil say ~ = 5 turns > of pencil/ pen diameter, then terminate that fine wire on the base = of the=20 > seismom. > and then run heavier wire again to the electronics. >=20 > I can almost guarantee that the way you have taken your wire off the = arm=20 > will have > a serious effect on the free movement of the arm! >=20 > Dave N > Sydney >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > At 07:32 PM 4/7/2009 +0000, you wrote: > >Hi > >I belive that I found the last problem (according to the idea). The = last > >problem is the alunium rod that I have used as an arm. I belive that = it > >was too soft to work properly and because of that I didn't behave > >correctly. > >I am going to replace it with iron based arm and there is going to be = a > >steel based end on it. I hope that gives me the resault that I want. > >Regards. > >J=F3n Fr=EDmann. >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Neodymium sphere and Lahmen pivot From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Wed, 08 Apr 2009 20:07:11 -0700 Has anyone used an Neodymium sphere or pair of sphere magnets as a Lahmen pivot? Rob __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Neodymium sphere and Lahmen pivot From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 07:43:47 EDT In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: Has anyone used an Neodymium sphere or pair of sphere magnets as a Lehman pivot? Rob Hi Rob, No, but I would not expect it to last long, or work well. The magnets are hard plated with Nickel, which is not a particularly hard metal. Stainless steel ball bearings work well as do hard chrome steel scalpel blades for a counterface. You might try a NdFeB cube magnet under a scalpel blade, but I would expect the magnetic hysteresis at the contact point to give 'sticky' results. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes:

Has anyone used an Neodymium sphere or pair of sphere magnets as a Lehman pivot?
Rob

Hi Rob,

No, but I would not expect it to last long,= or work well. The magnets are hard plated with Nickel, which is not a particularly= hard metal.

Stainless steel ball bearings work well as do= hard chrome steel scalpel blades for a counterface. You might try a NdFeB cube= magnet under a scalpel blade, but I would expect the magnetic hysteresis at the= contact point to give 'sticky' results.

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Best Lahmen pivot From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Thu, 09 Apr 2009 06:35:39 -0700 Chris, Thank you. Is a scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best consensus for a Lehman pivot? rob ChrisAtUpw@....... wrote: > In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: > > Has anyone used an Neodymium sphere or pair of sphere magnets as a > Lehman pivot? > Rob > > Hi Rob, > No, but I would not expect it to last long, or work well. The > magnets are hard plated with Nickel, which is not a particularly hard > metal. > Stainless steel ball bearings work well as do hard chrome steel > scalpel blades for a counterface. You might try a NdFeB cube magnet > under a scalpel blade, but I would expect the magnetic hysteresis at > the contact point to give 'sticky' results. > Regards, > Chris Chapman > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 11:43:23 EDT In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: Is a scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best consensus for a Lehman pivot? rob Hi Rob, Crossed cylinders can be a bit better. The surfaces need to highly polished. The SEP uses 1/8" OD polished Tungsten Carbide needle rollers, but these may be rather expensive / difficult to obtain depending on where you live. See _http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html_ (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html) You mount both the vertical rollers on the frame. However, a polished SS plane rolling on a SS ball bearing works perfectly well and it may cost only 50 c! See _http://www.smallparts.com/_ (http://www.smallparts.com/) I use a 1/2" SS bearing and a large scalpel blade 'trimmed' oval with a carbide disk and glued to the arm with two part acrylic adhesive. You can use bearings down to 1/4" OK, but mount them on the vertical frame, NOT on the arm! My top suspension is an 8 thou music wire. I can set the period to 60 seconds OK and it works for some days, but it has a significant tilt drift. My 'normal' set period is 20 seconds. I measured +/-2mm drift over a fortnight with this, in a max drift range of +/-10mm. The two 'suspensions' which are very likey to give trouble are the knife edge on a plane and a point in a cup. The materials in contact are loaded close to or over the maximum allowed stress. I advise against trying to use either of these types. It may be beneficial to attach the top support ~3/4 along the arm as shown above. The balance between the mass and the weight of the arm itself can be set to minimise the vertical load on the bottom bearing. This improves the stability. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes:

Is a scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best consensus fo= r a Lehman pivot?
rob

Hi Rob,

Crossed cylinders can be a bit bett= er. The surfaces need to highly polished. The SEP uses 1/8" OD polished Tungst= en Carbide needle rollers, but these may be rather expensive / difficult to= obtain depending on where you live. See http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html&nbs= p;You mount both the vertical rollers on the frame.

However, a polished SS plane rolling on a SS= ball bearing works perfectly well and it may cost only 50 c! See http://www.smallparts.com/

I use a 1/2" SS bearing and a large scalpel= blade 'trimmed' oval with a carbide disk and glued to the arm with two part= acrylic adhesive. You can use bearings down to 1/4" OK, but mount them on= the vertical frame, NOT on the arm! My top suspension is an 8 thou music wire.= I can set the period to 60 seconds OK and it works for some days, but it has a significant tilt drift. My 'normal' set period is 20 seconds. = I measured +/-2mm drift over a fortnight with this, in a max drift rang= e of +/-10mm.

The two 'suspensions' which are very likey to give trouble are the knife edge on a plane and a point= in a cup. The materials in contact are loaded close to or over the maximum allo= wed stress. I advise against trying to use either of these types.

It may be beneficial to attach the top suppor= t ~3/4 along the arm as shown above. The balance between the mass and the weight= of the arm itself can be set to minimise the vertical load on the bottom bea= ring. This improves the stability.

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 10:08:56 -0600 Hi Chris, I know how the roller on roller works, but I can't find a = picture close up of one. Do you know of one? I was trying to explain = it to someone, and picture would help. Thanks, Ted ----- Original Message -----=20 From: ChrisAtUpw@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Thursday, April 09, 2009 9:43 AM Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: Is a scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best = consensus for a Lehman pivot? rob Hi Rob, Crossed cylinders can be a bit better. The surfaces need to highly = polished. The SEP uses 1/8" OD polished Tungsten Carbide needle rollers, = but these may be rather expensive / difficult to obtain depending on = where you live. See = http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html You = mount both the vertical rollers on the frame.=20 However, a polished SS plane rolling on a SS ball bearing works = perfectly well and it may cost only 50 c! See http://www.smallparts.com/ I use a 1/2" SS bearing and a large scalpel blade 'trimmed' oval = with a carbide disk and glued to the arm with two part acrylic adhesive. = You can use bearings down to 1/4" OK, but mount them on the vertical = frame, NOT on the arm! My top suspension is an 8 thou music wire. I can = set the period to 60 seconds OK and it works for some days, but it has a = significant tilt drift. My 'normal' set period is 20 seconds. I measured = +/-2mm drift over a fortnight with this, in a max drift range of = +/-10mm. The two 'suspensions' which are very likey to give trouble are the = knife edge on a plane and a point in a cup. The materials in contact are = loaded close to or over the maximum allowed stress. I advise against = trying to use either of these types.=20 It may be beneficial to attach the top support ~3/4 along the arm = as shown above. The balance between the mass and the weight of the arm = itself can be set to minimise the vertical load on the bottom bearing. = This improves the stability. Regards, Chris Chapman

Hi Chris, I know how the roller on roller works, but I can't = find a=20 picture close up of one. Do you know of one? I = was=20 trying to explain it to someone, and picture would help.

Thanks, Ted

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 ChrisAtUpw@.......

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Thursday, April 09, 2009 = 9:43=20 AM

Subject: Re: Best Lehman = pivot

In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes:

Is a=20 scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best = consensus for a=20 Lehman pivot?
rob

Hi Rob,

Crossed cylinders can be a = bit better.=20 The surfaces need to highly polished. The SEP uses 1/8" OD polished = Tungsten=20 Carbide needle rollers, but these may be rather expensive / difficult = to=20 obtain depending on where you live. See http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html&n= bsp;You=20 mount both the vertical rollers on the frame.

However, a polished SS plane rolling on a = SS ball=20 bearing works perfectly well and it may cost only 50 c! See http://www.smallparts.com/

I use a 1/2" SS bearing and a large = scalpel blade=20 'trimmed' oval with a carbide disk and glued to the arm with two = part=20 acrylic adhesive. You can use bearings down to 1/4" OK, but mount them = on the=20 vertical frame, NOT on the arm! My top suspension is an 8 thou music = wire. I=20 can set the period to 60 seconds OK and it works for some days, but it = has=20 a significant tilt drift. My 'normal' set period is 20 = seconds. I=20 measured +/-2mm drift over a fortnight with this, in a max drift = range of=20 +/-10mm.

The two 'suspensions' which are=20 very likey to give trouble are the knife edge on a plane and a = point in a=20 cup. The materials in contact are loaded close to or over the maximum = allowed=20 stress. I advise against trying to use either of these types.

It may be beneficial to attach the top = support=20 ~3/4 along the arm as shown above. The balance between the mass and = the weight=20 of the arm itself can be set to minimise the vertical load on the = bottom=20 bearing. This improves the stability.

Regards,

Chris=20 Chapman

Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 13:22:02 EDT In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes: Hi Chris, I know how the roller on roller works, but I can't find a picture close up of one. Do you know of one? I was trying to explain it to someone, and picture would help. Hi Ted, Sorry, but I don't personally have a photo of the SEP bearings up close. And Charles hasn't included one in _http://www.myeclectic.info/SeismoPivots/seismopivots.htm_ (http://www.myeclectic.info/SeismoPivots/seismopivots.htm) The usual setup is to mount the vertical roller in a shallow V slot on the frame. The horizontal roller is mounted in a V slot on the end of the arm and it is held in frictional contact by the axial load along the arm. I have also used the shanks of 1/8" OD Tungsten Carbide drills. You can also use hardened martensitic SS rod, but you need lap and polish it after heat treatment. I glue the rods with two component acrylic adhesive, but they can also be clamped. The horizontal roller simply rolls around the vertical roller. The centre of rotation is the centre of the vertical roller. The crossed orientation is maintained by the arm suspension. Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are some photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not helpful _http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html_ (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html) This is the UK school seismometer. Regards, Chris

In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes:

Hi Chris, I know how the roller on roller works, but I can't= find a picture close up of one. Do you know of one? I= was trying to explain it to someone, and picture would help.

Hi Ted,

Sorry, but I don't personally have a photo of= the SEP bearings up close. And Charles hasn't included one in http://w= ww.myeclectic.info/SeismoPivots/seismopivots.htm

The usual setup is to mount the vertical roll= er in a shallow V slot on the frame. The horizontal roller is mounted in a V slo= t on the end of the arm and it is held in frictional contact by the axial= load along the arm. I have also used the shanks of 1/8" OD Tungsten Carbide dri= lls. You can also use hardened martensitic SS rod, but you need lap and po= lish it after heat treatment. I glue the rods with two component acrylic= adhesive, but they can also be clamped.

The horizontal roller simply rolls around the= vertical roller. The centre of rotation is the centre of the vertical roll= er. The crossed orientation is maintained by the arm suspension.

Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are= some photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not helpful http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html&nbs= p;This is the UK school seismometer.

Regards,

Chris

Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 17:22:24 EDT In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes: Hi Ted, Sorry, wrong reference! Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are some photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not helpful _http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf_ (http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf) This is the UK school seismometer. Regards, Chris

In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes:

Hi Ted,

Sorry, wrong reference!

Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are= some photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not helpful http://www.mutr.co.u= k/images/Seismometer.pdf This is the UK school seismometer.

Regards,

Chris

Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2009 17:26:37 -0600 Yes, perfect....this is what I was looking for. Thanks very much. Ted ----- Original Message -----=20 From: ChrisAtUpw@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Thursday, April 09, 2009 3:22 PM Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes: Hi Ted, =20 Sorry, wrong reference!=20 Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are some photos there, = but the black painted Al frame is not helpful = http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf This is the UK school = seismometer. Regards, Chris

Yes, perfect....this is what I was looking for. Thanks very=20 much.

Ted

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 ChrisAtUpw@.......

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Thursday, April 09, 2009 = 3:22=20 PM

Subject: Re: Best Lehman = pivot

In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............=20 writes:

Hi Ted,

Sorry, wrong reference!=20

Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There = are some=20 photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not = helpful http://www.mutr.co.= uk/images/Seismometer.pdf =20 This is the UK school seismometer.

Regards,

Chris

= Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2009 09:32:08 +1000 Hi Chris,
               wow thats gotta be the best article with good pics I have so far
seen on the net for a seismometer design !!!

   thanks for digging that one up and posting it. Since moving to Australia I
still havent got a seismo system built up mainly due to the need to build a
Lehman style seismo.   this is going to help lots.   Nice to have that cm scale
on the boom it will help to scale the whole unit.
Im sure others will also find it helpful.

cheers
Dave N
Sydney

At 05:22 PM 4/9/2009 -0400, you wrote:

    Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are some photos there, but the black painted Al frame is not helpful http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf This is the UK school seismometer.
    Regards,
    Chris

Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Thu, 09 Apr 2009 20:23:48 -0700 Chris, Thank you kindly for your advice. Do you have pictures of your set up pivot and top suspension? Rob ChrisAtUpw@....... wrote: > In a message dated 09/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: > > Is a scalpel blade against a steel ball bearing the current best > consensus for a Lehman pivot? > rob > > Hi Rob, > Crossed cylinders can be a bit better. The surfaces need to highly > polished. The SEP uses 1/8" OD polished Tungsten Carbide needle > rollers, but these may be rather expensive / difficult to obtain > depending on where you live. See > http://www.bgs.ac.uk/education/school_seismology/seismometer.html You > mount both the vertical rollers on the frame. > However, a polished SS plane rolling on a SS ball bearing works > perfectly well and it may cost only 50 c! See http://www.smallparts.com/ > I use a 1/2" SS bearing and a large scalpel blade 'trimmed' oval > with a carbide disk and glued to the arm with two part acrylic > adhesive. You can use bearings down to 1/4" OK, but mount them on the > vertical frame, NOT on the arm! My top suspension is an 8 thou music > wire. I can set the period to 60 seconds OK and it works for some > days, but it has a significant tilt drift. My 'normal' set period is > 20 seconds. I measured +/-2mm drift over a fortnight with this, in a > max drift range of +/-10mm. > The two 'suspensions' which are very likey to give trouble are the > knife edge on a plane and a point in a cup. The materials in contact > are loaded close to or over the maximum allowed stress. I advise > against trying to use either of these types. > It may be beneficial to attach the top support ~3/4 along the arm > as shown above. The balance between the mass and the weight of the arm > itself can be set to minimise the vertical load on the bottom bearing. > This improves the stability. > Regards, > Chris Chapman > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Best Lehman pivot From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2009 07:44:29 -0700 Chris, Thank you for the links and your paper on pivot research. They are very informative. Rob ChrisAtUpw@....... wrote: > In a message dated 09/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes: > Hi Ted, > Sorry, wrong reference! > Have you looked at the SEP Manual? There are some photos there, > but the black painted Al frame is not helpful > http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf This is the UK school > seismometer. > Regards, > Chris > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: How to adapt comercial sensors and seismograph? From: Antonio Moura geopresp@......... Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 01:06:37 +0100 I recently bought the following sensors: Kinemetrics SS-1, an SV,1 an SH1 a SensonicsSP3, Geotech-s-500 and a Guralp CMG-3V. Being an applied geophysics guy I thought these worked like geophones and without power and thus relying on data logger to amplify. Would anyone know how the Webtronics or Infiltec acquisition boards and home-made setups (National Instruments) could be adapted for these sensors? I need to power the sensors I supose? How? And does anyone know anything about ERA PRS-4 Scintrex 4 channel seismographs? Can they read signals from any of these sensors.Best regards Rui

I recently bought the following sensors: Kinemetrics SS-1, an SV,1 an = SH1 a SensonicsSP3, Geotech-s-500 and a Guralp CMG-3V. Being an applied geo= physics guy I thought these worked like geophones and without power and thu= s relying on data logger to amplify. Would=A0anyone=A0know how=A0the=A0Webt= ronics or Infiltec=A0acquisition=A0 boards and home-made setups=A0(National= Instruments) could be adapted for these sensors? I need to power the=A0sen= sors I supose? How?

And does anyone know anything about=A0ERA PRS-4 Scintrex 4 channel sei= smographs?=A0Can they=A0read signals from any of these sensors.Best regards=
=A0
Rui

Subject: GPS problems From: Paul elegant_dice@......... Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 08:37:15 +0800 Hi all, I have a couple of Larry's digitizers + GPS set up, and I am having a problem where the GPS seems to lose the lock after a random amount of time. Days, weeks, sometimes months. When it happens, it will not regain the lock. I have tried doing the GPS reset via the WinSDR menu, but that doesn't work. Eventually I unplug the GPS (or the digitiser's power), and plug it back in again, and it starts working again until it loses the lock the next time. Does anyone else suffer from this problem? thanks, Paul Hi all,

I have a couple of Larry's digitizers + GPS set up, and = I am having a problem where the GPS seems to lose the lock after a random a= mount of time.=C2=A0=C2=A0 Days, weeks, sometimes months.=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0= =C2=A0 When it happens, it will not regain the lock.

I have tried doing the GPS reset via the WinSDR menu, but that doesn= 9;t work.

Eventually I unplug the GPS (or the digitiser's power)= , and plug it back in again, and it starts working again until it loses the= lock the next time.

Does anyone else suffer from this problem?

thanks,
Paul
Subject: AD converter with AmaSeis From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 18:46:22 -0600 Hi Folks,=20 I have never use anything but DATAQ194 ad converter with AmaSeis. On = the pull down menu Amaseis/Setting/Devices there are seven different ad = converters. Has anyone use other ad converter with AmaSeis? I would guess others would work, but AmaSeis requires you choose one of = the seven. Which one would you choose, if the one you are using is not = on the list? Thanks, Ted

Hi Folks,

I have never use anything but DATAQ194 = ad converter=20 with AmaSeis. On the pull down menu Amaseis/Setting/Devices = there=20 are seven different ad converters. Has anyone use other ad = converter=20 with AmaSeis?

I would guess others would work, but = AmaSeis=20 requires you choose one of the seven. Which one would you = choose, if=20 the one you are using is not on the list?

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re: AD converter with AmaSeis From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 21:13:19 EDT In a message dated 15/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes: Has anyone use other ad converter with AmaSeis? Hi Ted, Yes, their old 12 bit DI-154RS ADCs. I would guess others would work, but AmaSeis requires you choose one of the seven. Which one would you choose, if the one you are using is not on the list? The DI-194 is only 10 bit, which is marginal for seismic recording. The DI-158U is 12 bit - about the minimum practical. Note that the very expensive Dataq ADCs are only 14 bit. Dataq don't seem to know anything about signal averaging. AmaSeis only accepts up to 16 bit signals, in ASCII decimal characters. AmaSeis requires an input and control interface program - only those on the list will work. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 15/04/2009, tchannel@............ writes:

Has anyone use other ad converter with= AmaSeis?

Hi Ted,

Yes, their old 12 bit DI-154RS ADCs.

I would= guess others would work, but AmaSeis requires you choose one of the seven. Which= one would you choose, if the one you are using is not on the list?

The DI-194 is only 10 bit, which is marginal= for seismic recording.

The DI-158U is 12 bit - about the minimum practical.

Note that the very expensive Dataq ADCs are= only 14 bit. Dataq don't seem to know anything about signal averaging.

AmaSeis only accepts up to 16 bit signals, in= ASCII decimal characters.

AmaSeis requires an input and control interface program - only those on the list will work.

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: GPS problems From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 22:38:51 -0500 Paul wrote: > Hi all, > > I have a couple of Larry's digitizers + GPS set up, and I am having a > problem where the GPS seems to lose the lock after a random amount of > time. Days, weeks, sometimes months. When it happens, it will > not regain the lock. > > I have tried doing the GPS reset via the WinSDR menu, but that doesn't > work. > > Eventually I unplug the GPS (or the digitiser's power), and plug it > back in again, and it starts working again until it loses the lock the > next time. > > Does anyone else suffer from this problem? > > thanks, > Paul > I regularly lose lock for up to four for five hours at a time in the winter months but it does relock. Could this be a weak signal for your site? Maybe a better antenna position would help. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: AD converter with AmaSeis From: "David Saum" DSaum@............ Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 11:00:48 -0400 > Subject: AD converter with AmaSeis > From: "tchannel" > Date: Tue, 14 Apr 2009 18:46:22 -0600 > > > Hi Folks, > > I have never use anything but DATAQ194 ad converter with AmaSeis. > the pull down menu Amaseis/Setting/Devices there are seven different ad > converters. Has anyone use other ad converter with AmaSeis? Alan Jones, the author of Amaseis, will add most any ad converter that you need. For instance, he added mine with the following format Amaseis Device=INFILTECQM1 16 bits ASCII characters range +32765 to -32765 and 0 mean each ASCII record terminated with LF(10) and CR(13) variable samples per second, default 16 sps Dave http://www.infiltec.com/seismo __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: GPS problems From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 10:46:51 -0700 Paul, I also have had some WinSDR errors. It seemed that the GPS was losing = lock when viewing the log file. But WinSDR always reported in Lock. I = use the FTP feature to send the response to my web site and I was = getting an FTP error Bad Make Directory. I would just restart WinSDR and = all was OK. The last change I made was to plug Larry=E2=80=99s digitizer = into a surge suppressor. I think only think this may have helped. = I=E2=80=99ve not seen any errors for 5 days now. You want try it. Let us = know if it helps. Gary =20 =20 =20 =20 From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of Paul Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2009 5:37 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: GPS problems =20 Hi all, I have a couple of Larry's digitizers + GPS set up, and I am having a = problem where the GPS seems to lose the lock after a random amount of = time. Days, weeks, sometimes months. When it happens, it will not = regain the lock. I have tried doing the GPS reset via the WinSDR menu, but that doesn't = work. Eventually I unplug the GPS (or the digitiser's power), and plug it back = in again, and it starts working again until it loses the lock the next = time. Does anyone else suffer from this problem? thanks, Paul

Paul,

I also have had some WinSDR errors. It seemed that the = GPS was losing lock when viewing the log file. But WinSDR always reported in = Lock. I use the FTP feature to send the response to my web site and I was = getting an FTP error Bad Make Directory. I would just restart WinSDR and all = was OK. The last change I made was to plug Larry=E2=80=99s digitizer into a = surge suppressor. I think only think this may have helped. I=E2=80=99ve not = seen any errors for 5 days now. You want try it. Let us know if it = helps.

Gary

From:= psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On = Behalf Of Paul
Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2009 5:37 PM
To: psn-l@..............
Subject: GPS problems

Hi all,

I have a couple of Larry's digitizers + GPS set up, and I am having a = problem where the GPS seems to lose the lock after a random amount of = time. Days, weeks, sometimes months. When it happens, = it will not regain the lock.

I have tried doing the GPS reset via the WinSDR menu, but that doesn't = work.

Eventually I unplug the GPS (or the digitiser's power), and plug it back = in again, and it starts working again until it loses the lock the next = time.

Does anyone else suffer from this problem?

thanks,
Paul

Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 18:20:21 +0000 Hi Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The damper plate is now aluminum, not steel. I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to Iceland or some where in the world. Pictures. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Fikke, Audun" Audun.Fikke@......... Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 23:43:31 +0200 J=F3n, I have made a few attempts to make a working Lehman. I never finished a = stable version, but I did record some quakes with a mockup based on the = 'plumbers approach'. Lack of time and poor workshop facilities was the = reason my project stranded. So I ended up buying the SEP model which I'm very pleased with. Your system looks alright to me, but I can't see from your pictures how = your pivot points are working. Could you please describe in detail how = the boom and support are in contact with the frame?=20 As I'm writing an Indonesian M6,6 is rocking my SEP. Feel free to visit = my heliplots from Norway http://vindkast.no/wx_seismo.php regards Audun -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: 15. april 2009 20:20 To: psn-l@.............. Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the = change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In = theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I = continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The damper = plate is now aluminum, not steel. I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to = Iceland or some where in the world. Pictures. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html Regards. -- J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 15:53:16 -0700 Jon, What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to = measure how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after giving = it a light touch and this would be without damping in place. Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The damper plate is now aluminum, not steel. I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to Iceland or some where in the world. Pictures. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 23:26:28 +0000 Hi There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that peaks like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to measure > how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after giving i= t a > light touch and this would be without damping in place. > Gary >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On > Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >=20 > Hi >=20 > Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the > change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In > theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I > continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The damper > plate is now aluminum, not steel. >=20 > I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to > Iceland or some where in the world. >=20 > Pictures. >=20 > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Fikke, Audun" Audun.Fikke@......... Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2009 01:42:05 +0200 J=F3n This manual explains how to set the natural frequency and also the = dampening of a Lehman. http://www.mutr.co.uk/images/Seismometer.pdf=20 regards Audun http://vindkast.no/wx_seismo -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: 16. april 2009 01:26 To: psn-l@.............. Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that peaks = like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create = this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to=20 > measure how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2=20 > after giving it a light touch and this would be without damping in = place. > Gary >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@................. > [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >=20 > Hi >=20 > Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of=20 > the change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable.=20 > In theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I=20 > continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The=20 > damper plate is now aluminum, not steel. >=20 > I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to=20 > Iceland or some where in the world. >=20 > Pictures. >=20 > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2009 16:44:15 -0700 Jon, Without damping give the boom a light touch, what is the natural period. Count how many seconds it takes to make one cycle. Then count how long = it takes for the displacement to go from one centimeter to 1/2 centimeter. = This will tell you how much friction you have in your sensor. Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 4:26 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor Hi There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that peaks like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to = measure > how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after = giving it a > light touch and this would be without damping in place. > Gary >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. = [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On > Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >=20 > Hi >=20 > Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of = the > change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In > theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I > continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The = damper > plate is now aluminum, not steel. >=20 > I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to > Iceland or some where in the world. >=20 > Pictures. >=20 > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2009 01:14:52 +0000 Hi I did manage to get the Hz number down to 0.4Hz. I guess that I need to rase the arm up a little. I am going to do that tomorrow. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 16:44 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > Without damping give the boom a light touch, what is the natural period. > Count how many seconds it takes to make one cycle. Then count how long it > takes for the displacement to go from one centimeter to 1/2 centimeter. T= his > will tell you how much friction you have in your sensor. > Gary >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On > Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 4:26 PM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >=20 > Hi >=20 > There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that peaks > like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create > this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. >=20 > Regards. > J=F3n Fr=EDmann. >=20 > On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > > Jon, > > What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to measu= re > > how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after giving= it > a > > light touch and this would be without damping in place. > > Gary > >=20 > >=20 > >=20 > >=20 > > -----Original Message----- > > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... ] > On > > Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM > > To: psn-l@.............. > > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor > >=20 > > Hi > >=20 > > Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the > > change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In > > theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I > > continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The dampe= r > > plate is now aluminum, not steel. > >=20 > > I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to > > Iceland or some where in the world. > >=20 > > Pictures. > >=20 > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html > >=20 > > Regards. >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Lehman sensor friction From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2009 08:26:50 -0700 Gary, I am curious. What are typical times for Lehman half-life decay? What are the main causes of decay? Rob Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > Without damping give the boom a light touch, what is the natural period. > Count how many seconds it takes to make one cycle. Then count how long it > takes for the displacement to go from one centimeter to 1/2 centimeter. This > will tell you how much friction you have in your sensor. > Gary > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On > Behalf Of J�n Fr�mann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 4:26 PM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor > > Hi > > There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that peaks > like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create > this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. > > Regards. > J�n Fr�mann. > > On mi�, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > >> Jon, >> What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to measure >> how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after giving it >> > a > >> light touch and this would be without damping in place. >> Gary >> >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... >> > On > >> Behalf Of J�n Fr�mann >> Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM >> To: psn-l@.............. >> Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >> >> Hi >> >> Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of the >> change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In >> theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I >> continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The damper >> plate is now aluminum, not steel. >> >> I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to >> Iceland or some where in the world. >> >> Pictures. >> >> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html >> >> Regards. >> > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Lehman sensor friction From: Brett Nordgren brett3nt@............. Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2009 12:22:45 -0400 Rob, One source of undamped decay that isn't much talked about is how rigid is the support for the top wire connection. Much energy can be absorbed by microscopic swaying of the support. Similarly, if the base is mounted on something less rigid than bedrock, energy might be getting absorbed by the mounting surface. Air damping is a small effect, but it could be a factor. And, of course, there is pivot quality, which has already been much discussed. Also, if you have a coil on the boom, it should be open-circuited to avoid losses due to interaction with the local magnetic field. Once you have minimized all those effects, you will then want to add back a good amount of well behaved damping such as with Chris' magnetic array. You probably don't want your Lehman to just respond to one frequency, but would prefer it to have a range of frequencies which it will respond to. That is what you will get when you use relatively strong damping. Reduced sensitivity = increased band width. Brett At 08:26 AM 4/18/2009 -0700, you wrote: >Gary, > >I am curious. > >What are typical times for Lehman half-life decay? > >What are the main causes of decay? > >Rob __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Lehman sensor friction From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2009 09:37:59 -0700 Robert, Looking at my Lehman notes, with polished tungsten carbide rods and with = a silicon carbide ball bearing I recorded going from 1.2" to .25" took 300 seconds. That calculates to 132 seconds for the half-life decay. I use = the equation Y=3DA*e-t/T where Y is the beam max. movement, A is a constant, = t is time in seconds, and T is the time constant of the system. I recall that Chris Chapman said this was not quite the correct equation, but I'm sure = it is fairly close to describe the max. deviation with time. Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of Robert O. Green Sent: Saturday, April 18, 2009 8:27 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Lehman sensor friction Gary, I am curious. What are typical times for Lehman half-life decay? What are the main causes of decay? Rob Gary Lindgren wrote: > Jon, > Without damping give the boom a light touch, what is the natural = period. > Count how many seconds it takes to make one cycle. Then count how long = it > takes for the displacement to go from one centimeter to 1/2 = centimeter. This > will tell you how much friction you have in your sensor. > Gary > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. = [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On > Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann > Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 4:26 PM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor > > Hi > > There is a peak around 0.6Hz, it might be the sensor it self that = peaks > like that. But it might also be natrual forces in my area that create > this peak. I am not sure yet what natrual frequancy of the sensor is. > > Regards. > J=F3n Fr=EDmann. > > On mi=F0, 2009-04-15 at 15:53 -0700, Gary Lindgren wrote: > =20 >> Jon, >> What is the period length of your Lehman sensor. Were you able to = measure >> how long it takes for the boom displacement to drop by 1/2 after = giving it >> =20 > a > =20 >> light touch and this would be without damping in place. >> Gary >> >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: psn-l-request@.............. = [mailto:psn-l-request@............... >> =20 > On > =20 >> Behalf Of J=F3n Fr=EDmann >> Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2009 11:20 AM >> To: psn-l@.............. >> Subject: RE: Changes to my Lehman sensor >> >> Hi >> >> Here are pictures of the latest changes to my lehman sensor. One of = the >> change is that the top now has a hindge to make it more movable. In >> theory that should provide me with better frequancy. However. I >> continune to get the peak at 0.6Hz, even with thoise changes. The = damper >> plate is now aluminum, not steel. >> >> I am not sure how well this works until I get a earthquake close to >> Iceland or some where in the world. >> >> Pictures. >> >> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/seismometer/p4150001b.jpg.html >> >> Regards. >> =20 > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: = 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > =20 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Lehman sensor friction From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2009 19:20:06 EDT In a message dated 18/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: Gary, I am curious. What are typical times for Lehman half-life decay? What are the main causes of decay? Rob Hi Gary & Rob, With a Lehman, you first need to set both the cross balance and the period of the pendulum, but with NO external damping and with the sensor coil DISCONNECTED. Put a peel off label on the mass and another on a match box or similar. Mark lines on both with a fibre pen. Also mark dots on the box at +/-1mm, +/-5mm and +/-10 mm and place it on the frame just clear of the mass by 1~2mm. You place the line on the box at the centre of the frame, centre the mass by hand to align the marks, release it and see which way it drifts. You adjust the cross balance screws so that it stays central. Then you deflect the arm 10 mm, release it and time one FULL cycle of oscillation when the arm swings past the central alignment and when it swings past again going in the same direction. Then adjust the tilt of the boom, usually with a screw on the base near the mass end, till you get the chosen period, which should be a minimum of 15 seconds. I use 20 seconds. If you have difficulty in getting a stable period of 15 seconds, you will need to improve your suspension. You may have to trim the cross balance while doing this. If you have lock nuts and spring washers on the adjusting screws, tighten them and recheck the cross balance. You can then repeat the deflection to 10 mm and time how long it takes until the swing is reduced to ~half amplitude, 5mm. You should aim for a time of >4 minutes. If the time is much less than this, you have a lossy / poor system which may need correction. You can get problems if the top wire is not firmly clamped, if the suspension can flex, if you are trying to use either a point or a knife edge lower 'bearing', if the arm can rotate about it's longitudinal axis, if the frame is not sufficiently rigid, or if base mountings are not firm. No material is free of loss when the load on it is changed. Air flow damping may be significant if you are trying to use capacitative position sensing, but it is usually very small for coil + magnet or LVDT sensors. Then plug the coil into the amplifier, switch on the power, deflect the mass, release it and check that it swings at least one full cycle. The amplifier input resistor / input circuit may add damping. Progressively add more damping until on release from the 10 mm deflected position, the arm swings 0.5 mm PAST the zero and then back to zero. It is quite easy to judge 0.5 mm if you use a fixed x4 mounted magnifying glass to observe the balance position. Trying to do this 'by eye' is more difficult. I hope that this will help. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 18/04/2009, rog@.......... writes:

Gary,
I am curious.
What are typical times for Lehman hal= f-life decay?
What are the main causes of decay?
Rob

Hi Gary & Rob,

With a Lehman, you first need to set both the= cross balance and the period of the pendulum, but with NO external damping and= with the sensor coil DISCONNECTED. Put a peel off label on the mass and another= on a match box or similar. Mark lines on both with a fibre pen. Also mark dots on the box at +/-1mm, +/-5mm and +/-10 mm and place it on= the frame just clear of the mass by 1~2mm. You place the line on the= box at the centre of the frame, centre the mass by hand to align the marks, re= lease it and see which way it drifts. You adjust the cross balance screws so tha= t it stays central.

Then you deflect the arm 10 mm, release it an= d time one FULL cycle of oscillation when the arm swings past the central alignme= nt and when it swings past again going in the same direction. Then adjust the til= t of the boom, usually with a screw on the base near the mass end, till you get the chosen period, which should be a minimum of 15 seconds. = I use 20 seconds. If you have difficulty in getting a stable period of 15 second= s, you will need to improve your suspension. You may have to trim the cross balan= ce while doing this. If you have lock nuts and spring washers on the adjustin= g screws, tighten them and recheck the cross balance.

You can then repeat the deflection to 10 mm and time how long it takes until the swing is reduced to ~half amplitude, 5mm. You should aim for a time of >4 minutes. If the ti= me is much less than this, you have a lossy / poor system which may need correction. You can get problems if the top wire is not firmly clamped, if= the suspension can flex, if you are trying to use either a point or a knife ed= ge lower 'bearing', if the arm can rotate about it's longitudinal axis, if th= e frame is not sufficiently rigid, or if base mountings are not firm. No mat= erial is free of loss when the load on it is changed. Air flow dampin= g may be significant if you are trying to use capacitative position sensing, but= it is usually very small for coil + magnet or LVDT sensors.

Then plug the coil into the amplifier, switch= on the power, deflect the mass, release it and check that it swings at= least one full cycle. The amplifier input resistor / input circuit may add damping. Progressively add more damping until on release from th= e 10 mm deflected position, the arm swings 0.5 mm PAST the zero and then back= to zero. It is quite easy to judge 0.5 mm if you use a fixed x4 mounted= magnifying glass to observe the balance position. Trying to do this 'by ey= e' is more difficult.

I hope that this will help.

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: Lehman sensor friction From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Sat, 18 Apr 2009 18:49:56 -0700 Chris, Thank you. I appreciate your willingness to share your detailed experience with and understanding of Lehman sensors. I am almost ready to start building one. I have a question regarding the lower pivot. I read the material you provided previously. It seems a SS plate on the horizontal arm working against a SS ball bearing on the vertical is a good choice. Is my understanding correct? I am planing a crossed carbide drill shafts for the upper pivot. Thanks again for all your help. Sincerely, Rob ChrisAtUpw@....... wrote: > In a message dated 18/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: > > Gary, > I am curious. > What are typical times for Lehman half-life decay? > What are the main causes of decay? > Rob > > Hi Gary & Rob, > With a Lehman, you first need to set both the cross balance and > the period of the pendulum, but with NO external damping and with the > sensor coil DISCONNECTED. Put a peel off label on the mass and another > on a match box or similar. Mark lines on both with a fibre pen. Also > mark dots on the box at +/-1mm, +/-5mm and +/-10 mm and place it on > the frame just clear of the mass by 1~2mm. You place the line on the > box at the centre of the frame, centre the mass by hand to align the > marks, release it and see which way it drifts. You adjust the cross > balance screws so that it stays central. > Then you deflect the arm 10 mm, release it and time one FULL cycle > of oscillation when the arm swings past the central alignment and when > it swings past again going in the same direction. Then adjust the tilt > of the boom, usually with a screw on the base near the mass end, till > you get the chosen period, which should be a minimum of 15 seconds. I > use 20 seconds. If you have difficulty in getting a stable period of > 15 seconds, you will need to improve your suspension. You may have to > trim the cross balance while doing this. If you have lock nuts and > spring washers on the adjusting screws, tighten them and recheck the > cross balance. > You can then repeat the deflection to 10 mm and time how long it > takes until the swing is reduced to ~half amplitude, 5mm. You should > aim for a time of >4 minutes. If the time is much less than this, > you have a lossy / poor system which may need correction. You can get > problems if the top wire is not firmly clamped, if the suspension can > flex, if you are trying to use either a point or a knife edge lower > 'bearing', if the arm can rotate about it's longitudinal axis, if the > frame is not sufficiently rigid, or if base mountings are not firm. No > material is free of loss when the load on it is changed. Air flow > damping may be significant if you are trying to use capacitative > position sensing, but it is usually very small for coil + magnet or > LVDT sensors. > Then plug the coil into the amplifier, switch on the power, > deflect the mass, release it and check that it swings at least one > full cycle. The amplifier input resistor / input circuit may add > damping. Progressively add more damping until on release from the 10 > mm deflected position, the arm swings 0.5 mm PAST the zero and then > back to zero. It is quite easy to judge 0.5 mm if you use a fixed x4 > mounted magnifying glass to observe the balance position. Trying to do > this 'by eye' is more difficult. > I hope that this will help. > Regards, > Chris Chapman > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.11.48/2048 - Release Date: 4/8/2009 7:02 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Lehman sensor friction - design consideratons From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sun, 19 Apr 2009 23:47:53 EDT In a message dated 19/04/2009, rog@.......... writes: I have a question regarding the lower pivot. I read the material you provided previously. It seems a SS plate on the horizontal arm working against a SS ball bearing on the vertical is a good choice. Is my understanding correct? Hi Rob, That is quite correct. One system that I use has this. I usually work at 20 seconds to minimise tilt drifts and optimise surface wave pickup, but I can set it up for a stable 60 second swing. The SEPUK1 which has crossed WC needle rollers can also be set up for periods much greater than 20 seconds. I am planning a crossed carbide drill shafts for the upper pivot. Mount the balls or sloping vertical needle rollers on the upright stand and the plates or horizontal rollers on the arm and the diagonal suspension. This minimises angular contact errors and lessens significantly the chance of the bearings slipping in operation. You can also use a flexing wire in tension for either or both suspensions. See _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/gate.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/gate.html) You could use crossed shanks for both bearings? This may be the simplest solution, but not the cheapest. Or use SS ball bearings for both? Drill out a larger SS bolt to take say a 5/16" bearing and turn / file off the top threads to leave a short thin tube with a V bottom. File off the top of the tube at the angle of the top suspension and stick a ball to the V bottom. Mount the bolt vertically on an L bracket fitted to the upright. Bend a U of brass strip and solder a flat brass plate across the end. Stick a rectangle cut from a scalpel blade to the inside of the flat plate with two part acrylic glue. Epoxy is too brittle for this job. Two part polyurethane should also be OK. Neither of these set 'brittle hard'. This U fitting fits over the vertically mounted SS bearing. Consider an Al base 30" long. The expansion of Al is 23 ppm / C deg. So a 10 C change of temperature results in a 30x10x23^-6 = 7 thou" change in length! This will make the support legs to slide over their mounting plates and will move any play / slop in the threads. Commercial seismometers may use fine thread support fittings over 1/2" long, which are slotted parallel to the axis. The slot is compressed with a bolt to clamp the outer thread to the threaded shaft after the position has been set. Alternatively, you can use a wavy washer and a lock nut on top of the frame to clamp the thread in place. I use a 3" x 1" x 1/8" Al U channel frame fitted with 6" corner plates. I drill 1/2" OD Al alloy rod 3/4" long with a 6 mm drill and turn off the ends square. I drill a 6 mm hole in the frame. I fit a 6 mm bolt + locknut through the rod, put acrylic adhesive on the free end of the rod and on a spare nut, put the bolt through the frame, thread on the nut + adhesive and clamp the fitting firmly with the locknut until the adhesive is set. Lightly coat the bolt thread with Vaseline and then wipe it to prevent adhesion. The ground will likely expand by a smaller amount and more slowly, so the three mountings are trying to slide about most of the time!!! I tip my 6 mm SS mounting bolts with 5 mm SS bearings and provide 2" square x 1/8" flat SS support plates stuck to the concrete floor with pool cement. I don't have any significant tilt drift problems. You are likely to see tilt drifts over time if you don't use a hard flat stable base / flat ground plates and don't clamp the threads. You need to make the arm quite rigid. Amateur designs seem often to have no damping / mechanical constraint to counter rotational motion of the seismometer arm about it's long axis. If the centre of the damping force is either above or below the line joining the centre of mass to the lower bearing, any quake signal will try to rotate the arm as well as move it side to side. Since there is no or low damping on this motion, the movement can be quite large and this may show up as a large background peak at a few Hz. This may be opposed by fitting a rigid top suspension tube similar to the arm, or by using a V cable suspension from the top of the support column to a 6" to 8" long crossbar bolted to the arm near the mass. I use 7 core nylon coated SS 30 lb fishing trace for this. The cable ends are loops fitted in round V grooves on the crossbar and are crimped with the tubes provided. This seems to work well and it is not expensive. The top fitting is a 1.5" OD SS mudguard washer with a V groove turned / filed around it's edge. This is stuck onto the top bearing frame / wire clamp. You should choose a site with the minimum daily temperature variations around the seismometer. It MUST be shielded from direct sunlight. You can buy LCD digital thermometers which run off a 1.5V battery, indicate to 0.1 C Deg and record minimum and maximum readings. Covering the floor with insulating material around the seismometer can also help. You definitely do need an airtight shielding case to prevent drafts and to minimise any air convection, preferably made out of Celotex sheet foam or similar. A large folded cover sheet of bubble wrap with the bubbles inside can help. You can also get reverse convection noise late at night / about dawn if the case temperature falls below the ground temperature. Rolls of air peel off the inside of the case, fall to the ground and push the arm about. This can be cured by mounting a small heater ~10W inside the top of the seismometer case to keep a +ve air temperature gradient inside at all times. Have a look at the damping and sensor designs at _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/index.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/index.html) I hope that these comments may be of help. The Lehman designs on psn use out of date / poor techniques which need to be completely revised. I advise against trying to use oil damping; point or knife blade bearings; separated suspension, damping and sensor modules; Alnico U magnet and coil sensors; magnets and ferromagnetic components on the arm and single wire suspensions. These are ALL best avoided! Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 19/04/2009, rog@.......... writes:

I have a question regarding the lower pivot. I read the material you provide= d previously. It seems a SS plate on the horizontal arm working against a= SS ball bearing on the vertical is a good choice. Is my understanding= correct?

Hi Rob,

That is quite correct. One system that I use= has this. I usually work at 20 seconds to minimise tilt drifts and optimise su= rface wave pickup, but I can set it up for a stable 60 second swing. The SEPUK1= which has crossed WC needle rollers can also be set up for periods much greater= than 20 seconds.

I am planning a crossed carbide drill shafts for the upper pivot.
    Mount the balls or sloping vertical needle ro= llers on the upright stand and the plates or horizontal rollers on the arm and= the diagonal suspension. This minimises angular contact errors and lessens significantly the chance of the bearings slipping in operation.

    You can also use a flexing wire in tension fo= r either or both suspensions. See http://jclahr.com/science= /psn/gate.html

    You could use crossed shanks for both bearing= s? This may be the simplest solution, but not the cheapest.

    Or use SS ball bearings for both? Drill out= a larger SS bolt to take say a 5/16" bearing and turn / file off the top thr= eads to leave a short thin tube with a V bottom. File off the top of the tube= at the angle of the top suspension and stick a ball to the V bottom. Mount the bo= lt vertically on an L bracket fitted to the upright. Bend a U of br= ass strip and solder a flat brass plate across the end. Stick a rectangle = ;cut from a scalpel blade to the inside of the flat plate with two part acrylic= glue. Epoxy is too brittle for this job. Two part polyurethane should also be OK= .. Neither of these set 'brittle hard'. This U fitting fits over the vertical= ly mounted SS bearing.

    Consider an Al base 30" long. The expans= ion of Al is 23 ppm / C deg. So a 10 C change of temperature results in= a 30x10x23^-6 =3D 7 thou" change in length! This will make the support= legs to slide over their mounting plates and will move any play / slop in the thre= ads. Commercial seismometers may use fine thread support fittings over 1/2= " long, which are slotted parallel to the axis. The slot is compressed with= a bolt to clamp the outer thread to the threaded shaft after the position has bee= n set.

    Alternatively, you can use a wavy washer and= a lock nut on top of the frame to clamp the thread in place. I use a 3" x 1" x 1/= 8" Al U channel frame fitted with 6" corner plates. I drill 1/2" OD Al alloy rod= 3/4" long with a 6 mm drill and turn off the ends square. I drill a 6 mm hole= in the frame. I fit a 6 mm bolt + locknut through the rod, put acrylic adhesive= on the free end of the rod and on a spare nut, put the bolt through the frame, th= read on the nut + adhesive and clamp the fitting firmly with the locknut= until the adhesive is set. Lightly coat the bolt thread with Vaseline and then= wipe it to prevent adhesion.

    The ground will likely expand by a smaller amount and more slowly, so the three mountings are tryin= g to slide about most of the time!!! I tip my 6 mm SS mounting bolts with 5 mm= SS bearings and provide 2" square x 1/8" flat SS support plates stuck to the concrete floor with pool cement. I don't have any significan= t tilt drift problems. You are likely to see tilt drifts over time if you don't= use a hard flat stable base / flat ground plates and don't clamp the threads.

    You need to make the arm quite rigid. Amateur= designs seem often to have no damping / mechanical constraint to counter= rotational motion of the seismometer arm about it's long axis. If the= centre of the damping force is either above or below the line joining the= centre of mass to the lower bearing, any quake signal will try to rotate the arm= as well as move it side to side. Since there is no or low damping on this mot= ion, the movement can be quite large and this may show up as a large backg= round peak at a few Hz. This may be opposed by fitting a rigid top suspension tu= be similar to the arm, or by using a V cable suspension from the top of the= support column to a 6" to 8" long crossbar bolted to the arm near the ma= ss. I use 7 core nylon coated SS 30 lb fishing trace for this. The cable ends ar= e loops fitted in round V grooves on the crossbar and are crimped with= the tubes provided. This seems to work well and it is not expensive. The top= fitting is a 1.5" OD SS mudguard washer with a V groove turned / filed around it's= edge. This is stuck onto the top bearing frame / wire clamp.

    You should choose a site with the minimum dai= ly temperature variations around the seismometer. It MUST be shielded from di= rect sunlight. You can buy LCD digital thermometers which run off a 1.5V batter= y, indicate to 0.1 C Deg and record minimum and maximum readings. Covering&nb= sp;the floor with insulating material around the seismometer can also help. You= definitely do need an airtight shielding case to prevent drafts and= to minimise any air convection, preferably made out of Celotex sheet foam or= similar. A large folded cover sheet of bubble wrap with the bubbles= inside can help.

    You can also get reverse convection noise lat= e at night / about dawn if the case temperature falls below the ground temperat= ure. Rolls of air peel off the inside of the case, fall to the ground and push= the arm about. This can be cured by mounting a small heater ~10W inside the to= p of the seismometer case to keep a +ve air temperature gradient inside at all= times.

    Have a look at the damping and sensor designs= at http://jclahr.co= m/science/psn/chapman/index.html

    I hope that these comments may be of help. Th= e Lehman designs on psn use out of date / poor techniques which need to= be completely revised. I advise against trying to use oil damping;= point or knife blade bearings; separated suspension, damping and sensor modules;= Alnico U magnet and coil sensors; magnets and ferromagnetic components on= the arm and single wire suspensions. These are ALL best avoided!

    Regards,

    Chris Chapman


Subject: Seismic detector with AIS326DQ From: alexander mirabal alexmirabal2000@........ Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 22:30:52 +0000 (GMT) Hello there, =A0 I am sure this matter has been covered here before, but can't find it and w= ould like your comments about the following: =A0 I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes places, preferably = in an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or schools= .. It is not intended to measure and record the magnitud of the earth moveme= nt at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 axis a= nd activate a sound/visual indication. =A0 As a first aproximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ http://ww= w.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf, but honestly I= have no practical criteria to determine in advance=A0if it sensitive enoug= h for my purpose.=A0 The manufacturer web page mentions it is for automotiv= e applications, but my feeling is that the accelerations changes in such en= vironments are far beyond the ones I need to deal with. =A0 In case you consider it not suittable for this application, could any of yo= u, please, recommend some other chip? =A0 I am located in Mexico City. =A0 Thanks in advance, =A0 Alexander =A0=0A=0A=0A
Hello there,

I am sure this matter has been covered here before, but can't find it = and would like your comments about the following:

I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes places, prefer= ably in an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or sc= hools. It is not intended to measure and record the magnitud of the earth m= ovement at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 a= xis and activate a sound/visual indication.

As a first aproximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf,= but honestly I have no practical criteria to determine in advance if = it sensitive enough for my purpose. The manufacturer web page mention= s it is for automotive applications, but my feeling is that the acceleratio= ns changes in such environments are far beyond the ones I need to deal with= ..

In case you consider it not suittable for this application, could any = of you, please, recommend some other chip?

I am located in Mexico City.

Thanks in advance,

Alexander

=0A=0A=0A=0A Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS From: "James Allen" jcallen1@........... Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 19:54:20 -0700 There is a large lot of Teledyne Geotech Helicorders just listed on Ebay = today. Problem is, it is a very large "lot auction" that would entail = shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of equipment. James Allen ----- Original Message -----=20 From: ChrisAtUpw@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 4:33 PM Subject: Re: Torsion Seismometer In a message dated 2008/10/02, tchannel1@............ writes: I have seen something similar somewhere on the web, but I can't find = it. This is all I could find. If someone has tried this please email = me. Thanks, Ted Torsion Seismometer Wood Anderson http://www.data.scec.org/Module/s3inset3.html Hi Ted, The Wood-Anderson was a horizontal system with a torsion = suspension, magnetic damping, optical + photographic recording and a = period of about a second. There is no reason why you could not fit a = dual Si photocell readout system.=20 To increase the period you can reduce the wire diameter / = increase the wire length / mount the mass on an extended side boom to = increase the inertia. Check out http://doga.ogs.trieste.it/doga/risk/woodanderson/index.html http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Instruments/ Randall Peters has a vertical torsion device on this website. http://physics.mercer.edu/hpage/peters.html Regards, Chris Chapman
There is a large lot of Teledyne = Geotech=20 Helicorders just listed on Ebay today. Problem is, it is a very = large "lot=20 auction" that would entail shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of = equipment.

James Allen

----- Original Message -----
From:=20 ChrisAtUpw@.......

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Thursday, October 02, = 2008 4:33=20 PM

Subject: Re: Torsion = Seismometer

In a=20 message dated 2008/10/02, tchannel1@............=20 writes:

I have seen something similar somewhere on the web, but = I can't=20 find it.   This is all I could find.   If = someone has=20 tried this please email me.   Thanks, Ted
Torsion = Seismometer Wood=20 Anderson
http://www.data.sc= ec.org/Module/s3inset3.html

Hi=20 Ted,

       The Wood-Anderson was = a=20 horizontal system with a torsion suspension, magnetic damping, optical = +=20 photographic recording and a period of about a second. There is no = reason why=20 you could not fit a dual Si photocell readout system.=20

       To increase the period = you can=20 reduce the wire diameter / increase the wire length / mount the mass = on an=20 extended side boom to increase the=20 inertia.

       Check=20 out
      =20 = http://doga.ogs.trieste.it/doga/risk/woodanderson/index.html
&nb= sp;    =20 = http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Instruments/

  =     =20 Randall Peters has a vertical torsion device on this=20 website.
      =20 = http://physics.mercer.edu/hpage/peters.html

   &nbs= p;  =20 Regards,

       Chris = Chapman=20 Subject: RE: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 20:10:21 -0700 Whats the ebay part number? -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of James Allen Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 7:54 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS There is a large lot of Teledyne Geotech Helicorders just listed on Ebay today. Problem is, it is a very large "lot auction" that would entail shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of equipment. James Allen ----- Original Message ----- From: ChrisAtUpw@....... To: psn-l@.............. Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 4:33 PM Subject: Re: Torsion Seismometer In a message dated 2008/10/02, tchannel1@............ writes: I have seen something similar somewhere on the web, but I can't find it. This is all I could find. If someone has tried this please email me. Thanks, Ted Torsion Seismometer Wood Anderson http://www.data.scec.org/Module/s3inset3.html Hi Ted, The Wood-Anderson was a horizontal system with a torsion suspension, magnetic damping, optical + photographic recording and a period of about a second. There is no reason why you could not fit a dual Si photocell readout system. To increase the period you can reduce the wire diameter / increase the wire length / mount the mass on an extended side boom to increase the inertia. Check out http://doga.ogs.trieste.it/doga/risk/woodanderson/index.html http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Instruments/ Randall Peters has a vertical torsion device on this website. http://physics.mercer.edu/hpage/peters.html Regards, Chris Chapman __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Seismic detector with AIS326DQ From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 23:39:09 EDT In a message dated 22/04/2009, alexmirabal2000@........ writes: I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes place, preferably in an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or schools. It is not intended to measure and record the magnitude of the earth movement at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 axis and activate a sound/visual indication. As a first approximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ _http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf_ (http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf) , but honestly I have no practical criteria to determine in advance if it sensitive enough for my purpose. The manufacturer web page mentions it is for automotive applications, but my feeling is that the accelerations changes in such environments are far beyond the ones I need to deal with. Hi Alexander, If you look at the data sheet, the minimum detection level is 1 milli g and you only have a 12 bit ADC. These MEMs devices do not have the high sensitivity, low noise and resolution that I would normally consider for seismic applications. They use 3.3V supplies and low level digital outputs, not 5V. There is NO low pass filter to remove noise. You still have to take measurements in the real world, with all the environmental background noise that this entails. See the comments about noise and drift at _http://psn.quake.net/strongmotion.html_ (http://psn.quake.net/strongmotion.html) Larry does offer a triaxial sensor board _http://psn.quake.net/psnaccel/_ (http://psn.quake.net/psnaccel/) In case you consider it not suitable for this application, could any of you, please, recommend some other chip? Not really. However, you can make a sensitive detector using a 44 mm OD piezo disk from _www.digikey.com_ (http://www.digikey.com) such as 102-1170-ND @ $1.62 each with added load weights, but you do have to produce all the electronics, filters and an ADC. This is quite a lot of work. How good are you at designing / building electronics? I use similar discs in flex bending mode, not as a loaded drum. You can also buy high capacity disks already mounted in plastic cases, but their output is nearly square law, not linear like a simple flex disk. The flex disk that I use gives over 5x the voltage output of a 4.5 Hz L15B geophone see _http://psn.quake.net/geophone/index.html_ (http://psn.quake.net/geophone/index.html) and the setup can go down to 10 seconds period. Note that you may want to detect P and S waves from 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz. Let me know if you want any further help? I am located in Mexico City. Regards, Chris Chapman in UK

In a message dated 22/04/2009, alexmirabal2000@........ writes:

I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes place, pref= erably in an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or scho= ols. It is not intended to measure and record the magnitude of the earth move= ment at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 axis= and activate a sound/visual indication.

As a first approximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ= http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf= , but honestly I have no practical criteria to determine in advance i= f it sensitive enough for my purpose. The manufacturer web page mention= s it is for automotive applications, but my feeling is that the accelerations= changes in such environments are far beyond the ones I need to deal with.

Hi Alexander,

If you look at the data sheet, the minimum detection level is 1 milli g and you only have a 12 bit ADC. These MEMs de= vices do not have the high sensitivity, low noise and resolution that I would no= rmally consider for seismic applications. They use 3.3V supplies and low level di= gital outputs, not 5V. There is NO low pass filter to remove noise.

You still have to take measurements in the re= al world, with all the environmental background noise that this entails.=

See the comments about noise and drift at http://psn.quake.net/stron= gmotion.html

Larry does offer a triaxial sensor board http://psn.quake.net/psnaccel/=

In case you consider it not suitable for this application, could an= y of you, please, recommend some other chip?

Not really. However, you can make a sensitive= detector using a 44 mm OD piezo disk from www.digikey.com such as 102-1170-ND @= $1.62 each with added load weights, but you do have to produce all the electroni= cs, filters and an ADC. This is quite a lot of work. How good are you at desig= ning / building electronics?

I use similar discs in flex bending mode, not= as a loaded drum. You can also buy high capacity disks already mounted in plast= ic cases, but their output is nearly square law, not linear like a simple fle= x disk. The flex disk that I use gives over 5x the voltage output of a 4.5= Hz L15B geophone see http://psn.quake.net/geo= phone/index.html and the setup can go down to 10 seconds period. Note that you may want to dete= ct P and S waves from 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz.

Let me know if you want any further help?

I am located in Mexico City.

Regards,

Chris Chapman in UK

Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS From: "James Allen" jcallen1@........... Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 20:49:43 -0700 The Ebay Item Number is 200334607108 ----- Original Message ----- From: "Kareem Lanier" To: Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:10 PM Subject: RE: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS > Whats the ebay part number? > > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... > On > Behalf Of James Allen > Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 7:54 PM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS > > There is a large lot of Teledyne Geotech Helicorders just listed on Ebay > today. Problem is, it is a very large "lot auction" that would entail > shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of equipment. > James Allen > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: ChrisAtUpw@....... > To: psn-l@.............. > Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 4:33 PM > Subject: Re: Torsion Seismometer > > In a message dated 2008/10/02, tchannel1@............ writes: > > > > I have seen something similar somewhere on the web, but I > can't find it. This is all I could find. If someone has tried this > please email me. Thanks, Ted > Torsion Seismometer Wood Anderson > http://www.data.scec.org/Module/s3inset3.html > > > > Hi Ted, > > The Wood-Anderson was a horizontal system with a torsion > suspension, magnetic damping, optical + photographic recording and a > period > of about a second. There is no reason why you could not fit a dual Si > photocell readout system. > > To increase the period you can reduce the wire diameter / > increase the wire length / mount the mass on an extended side boom to > increase the inertia. > > Check out > http://doga.ogs.trieste.it/doga/risk/woodanderson/index.html > http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Instruments/ > > Randall Peters has a vertical torsion device on this website. > http://physics.mercer.edu/hpage/peters.html > > Regards, > > Chris Chapman > > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS From: meredith lamb paleoartifact@......... Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2009 00:08:50 -0600 On Wed, Apr 22, 2009 at 9:49 PM, James Allen wrote: > The Ebay Item Number is 200334607108 > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Kareem Lanier" < > system98765@.............> > To: > Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:10 PM > Subject: RE: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS > > > > Whats the ebay part number? >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... >> On >> Behalf Of James Allen >> Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 7:54 PM >> To: psn-l@.............. >> Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS >> >> There is a large lot of Teledyne Geotech Helicorders just listed on Ebay >> today. Problem is, it is a very large "lot auction" that would entail >> shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of equipment. >> James Allen >> >> Hi all, > My "reasonable guess" is that they are from the NEIC in Golden, Colorado (west edge of metro Denver). Antiquated stuff of course. Starting bid looks like a typo ~ $30.00!? 11 racks and 6 skids; one would probably need a tractor trailer shipper....at a very much higher cost add-on...perhaps 1k or even more?? Estimated 6000 pounds. Each drum unit is probably over 100 pounds each. The way they "stacked" them on the one photo skid probably means dents in the thin aluminum drum outer diameter sides (ugh!). Age (?)....1960's into the 1970's or thereabouts but possibly newer dates for the electronics. I know....drummer delight...for some...but at a real high final cost for the winning bidder is my two cents guess. Take care, Meredith Lamb

On Wed, Apr 22, 2009 at 9:49 PM, James A= llen <jcallen1= @...........> wrote:

The Ebay Item Number is 200334607108
----- Original Message ----- From: "Kareem Lanier" <system98765@........... com>

To: <psn-l@web= tronics.com>
Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:10 PM
Subject: RE: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS
=

Whats the ebay part number?

-----Original Message-----
From: psn= -l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@..............] On
Behalf Of James Allen
Sent: Wednesday, April 22, 2009 7:54 PM
To: psn-l@webtron= ics.com
Subject: Re: TELEDYNE GEOTECH HELICORDERS

There is a large lot of Teledyne Geotech Helicorders just listed on Ebay today. =A0Problem is, it is a very large "lot auction" =A0that wo= uld entail
shipping cost for hundreds of pounds of equipment.
James Allen

Hi all,

My "reasonable g= uess" is that they are from the NEIC in Golden, Colorado (west edge of= metro Denver).=A0 Antiquated stuff of course.
Starting bid looks like a= typo ~ $30.00!?=A0 11 racks and 6 skids; one would probably need a tractor= trailer shipper....at a very much
higher cost add-on...perhaps 1k or even more??=A0 Estimated 6000 pounds.=A0= Each drum unit is probably over 100 pounds each.=A0 The way they "sta= cked" them on the one photo skid probably means dents in the thin alum= inum drum outer diameter sides (ugh!). =A0 Age (?)....1960's into the 1= 970's or thereabouts but possibly newer dates for the electronics.=A0 I= know....drummer delight...for some...but at a real high final cost for
the winning bidder is my two cents guess.

Take care, Meredith Lamb

=A0

=A0=A0=A0

<= /div>
Subject: Large Lot GEOTECH Earthquake Measuring Seismology Equip From: mongo@......... Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2009 12:46:05 +0000 http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=200334607108 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Large Lot GEOTECH Earthquake Measuring Seismology Equip From: meredith lamb paleoartifact@......... Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2009 08:49:06 -0600 On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:46 AM, wrote: > http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=200334607108 > > Hi again; > One more note on this lot. Historically I do know that the thermal pens used on these drums were a constant problem in being either accidentally physically damaged or from occasional pen motor fast response driven normal use damage. Even many years ago they were very expensive to obtain. It wasn't unusual for such to be stripped from unused equipment to be used. I only noted one pen in the Ebay photo's. In short....the buyer "may" not get all the pens; and/or they could also be "home brew" versions therein? Its possible that the pen motors themselves may be absent from, or short per the quanity of drums? The thermal paper used is also very expensive. Just a cautionary buyer/bidder note. I've been a visitor to the NEIC a few times over the years and these problems were mentioned a few times from a variety of folks there. No; I am not bidding on the lot. Take care, Meredith Lamb

On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:46 AM, <mongo@.........><= /span> wrote:

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&= item=3D200334607108

Hi again;

=A0
One more note on this lot.=A0 Historically I do k= now that the thermal pens used on these drums were a constant problem in be= ing
either accidentally physically damaged or from occasional pen motor = fast response driven normal use damage.=A0 Even many years ago they were very expensive to obtain.=A0 It wasn't unusual for such to be stripped = from unused equipment to be used.=A0 I only noted one pen in the Ebay
ph= oto's.=A0 In short....the buyer "may" not get all the pens; a= nd/or they could also be "home brew" versions therein?=A0 Its pos= sible that
the pen motors themselves may be absent from, or short per the quanity of d= rums?=A0 The thermal paper used is also very expensive.=A0
Just a cauti= onary buyer/bidder note. =A0 I've been a visitor to the NEIC a few time= s over the years and these problems were mentioned a
few times from a variety of folks there.=A0=A0 No; I am not bidding on the = lot.

Take care, Meredith Lamb

=A0 =A0=A0
Subject: Re: Seismic detector with AIS326DQ From: alexander mirabal alexmirabal2000@........ Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2009 01:07:34 +0000 (GMT) Hi Chris, =A0 Thank you very much for your helpful comments! =A0 Yes, your explanation have definetly made me see=A0that noise is a fact I h= ave to deal with using external filtering, tuned based on real response obt= ained from this environment, that is very noisy. An important part of this = city is contructed on what was a lake before the spaniard conquest. It is v= ery common here to feel on building's structure the vibrations produced by = trucks or buses on the street.=20 =A0 Electronics is not a problem at all,=A0and=A0I advance some experimentation= will be needed, particulary to choose the correct useful band of the filte= rs. The 3 axis accelerometer board block diagram=A0is a good start point re= ference for me, but I feel (just that, because I insist I have no practical= criteria in this matter) the 20Hz cut off frequency is too high.=A0The vib= ration produced by trucks or busses on=A0buildings looks to me lower in fre= quency, but the experimentation will say..! =A0 I will try to get the 3052 sensors and go on with my own design of the filt= er/amps and microcontroller interface, and=A0once I have some results, will= be glad to share them with the forum. =A0 Many thanks again, =A0 Alexander --- El jue, 23/4/09, ChrisAtUpw@....... escribi=F3: De: ChrisAtUpw@....... Asunto: Re: Seismic detector with AIS326DQ Para: psn-l@.............. Fecha: jueves, 23 abril, 2009 5:39 In a message dated 22/04/2009, alexmirabal2000@........ writes: I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes place, preferably i= n an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or schools.= It is not intended to measure and record the magnitude of the earth moveme= nt at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 axis a= nd activate a sound/visual indication. =A0 As a first approximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ http://w= ww.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf, but honestly = I have no practical criteria to determine in advance=A0if it sensitive enou= gh for my purpose.=A0 The manufacturer web page mentions it is for automoti= ve applications, but my feeling is that the accelerations changes in such e= nvironments are far beyond the ones I need to deal with. Hi Alexander, =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0If you look at the data sheet, the minimum detection level is 1= milli g and you only have a 12 bit ADC. These MEMs devices do not have the= high sensitivity, low noise and resolution that I would normally consider = for seismic applications. They use 3.3V supplies and low level digital outp= uts, not 5V. There is NO low pass filter to remove noise. =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0You still have to take measurements in the real world, with all= =A0the environmental background noise that this entails.=20 =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0See the comments about noise and drift at http://psn.quake.net/= strongmotion.html =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0Larry does offer a triaxial sensor board http://psn.quake.net/p= snaccel/ In case you consider it not suitable for this application, could any of you= , please, recommend some other chip? =A0=A0=A0=A0Not really. However, you can make a sensitive detector using a = 44 mm OD piezo disk from www.digikey.com such as 102-1170-ND @ $1.62 each w= ith added load weights, but you do have to produce all the electronics, fil= ters and an ADC. This is quite a lot of work. How good are you at designing= / building electronics?=20 =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0I use similar discs in flex bending mode, not as a loaded drum.= You can also buy high capacity disks already mounted in plastic cases, but= their output is nearly square law, not linear like a simple flex disk. The= flex disk that I use gives over 5x the voltage output of a 4.5 Hz L15B geo= phone see http://psn.quake.net/geophone/index.html=A0and the setup can go d= own to 10 seconds period. Note that you may want to detect P and S waves fr= om 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz.=20 =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0Let me know if you want any further help? I am located in Mexico City. =A0=A0=A0=A0Regards, =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0Chris Chapman in UK=0A=0A=0A

Hi Chris,

Thank you very much for your helpful comments!

Yes, your explanation have definetly made me see that noise is a = fact I have to deal with using external filtering, tuned based on real resp= onse obtained from this environment, that is very noisy. An important part = of this city is contructed on what was a lake before the spaniard conquest.= It is very common here to feel on building's structure the vibrations prod= uced by trucks or buses on the street.

Electronics is not a problem at all, and I advance some expe= rimentation will be needed, particulary to choose the correct useful band o= f the filters. The 3 axis accelerometer board block diagram is a good = start point reference for me, but I feel (just that, because I insist I hav= e no practical criteria in this matter) the 20Hz cut off frequency is too h= igh. The vibration produced by trucks or busses on buildings look= s to me lower in frequency, but the experimentation will say..!

I will try to get the 3052 sensors and go on with my own design of the= filter/amps and microcontroller interface, and once I have some resul= ts, will be glad to share them with the forum.

Many thanks again,

Alexander

--- El jue, 23/4/09, ChrisAtUpw@....... <Chr= isAtUpw@.......> escribi=F3:

De: ChrisAtUpw@....... <ChrisAtUpw@.......>=
Asunto: Re: Seismic detector with AIS326DQ
Para: psn-l@.............. m
Fecha: jueves, 23 abril, 2009 5:39

In a message dated 22/04/2009, alexmirabal2000@........ writes:

I need to build a device that alarms when a seism takes place, prefera= bly in an early state, let's say, for being used in public buildings or sch= ools. It is not intended to measure and record the magnitude of the earth m= ovement at all, just detect once it reaches certain level in any of the 3 a= xis and activate a sound/visual indication.

As a first approximation, I was taking a look to this IC: AIS326DQ http://www.st.com/stonline/products/lit= erature/ds/14956/ais326dq.pdf, but honestly I have no practical criteri= a to determine in advance if it sensitive enough for my purpose. = The manufacturer web page mentions it is for automotive applications, but = my feeling is that the accelerations changes in such environments are far b= eyond the ones I need to deal with.

Hi Alexander,

    If you look at the data sheet, the minimum det= ection level is 1 milli g and you only have a 12 bit ADC. These MEMs device= s do not have the high sensitivity, low noise and resolution that I would n= ormally consider for seismic applications. They use 3.3V supplies and low l= evel digital outputs, not 5V. There is NO low pass filter to remove noise.<= /DIV>

    You still have to take measurements in the rea= l world, with all the environmental background noise that this entails= ..

    See the comments about noise and drift at http://psn.quake.net/strongmotion.html

    Larry does offer a triaxial sensor board http:/= /psn.quake.net/psnaccel/

In case you consider it not suitable for this application, could any o= f you, please, recommend some other chip?

    Not really. However, you can make a sensitive = detector using a 44 mm OD piezo disk from www.digikey.com such as 102-1170-ND @= $1.62 each with added load weights, but you do have to produce all the ele= ctronics, filters and an ADC. This is quite a lot of work. How good are you= at designing / building electronics?

    I use similar discs in flex bending mode, not = as a loaded drum. You can also buy high capacity disks already mounted in p= lastic cases, but their output is nearly square law, not linear like a simp= le flex disk. The flex disk that I use gives over 5x the voltage output of = a 4.5 Hz L15B geophone see http://psn.quake.net/geophone/index.htm= l and the setup can go down to 10 seconds period. Note that you ma= y want to detect P and S waves from 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz.

    Let me know if you want any further help?

I am located in Mexico City.

    Regards,

    Chris Chapman in UK

=0A=0A=0A=0A Subject: Re: Large Lot GEOTECH Earthquake Measuring Seismology Equip From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2009 20:18:51 -0700 When the Government Sells its old things they are usually very obsolete. And they should be Surveyed ( not sure what that means ) but surveyed should be written or stamped on all those devices. This insures its not been stolen or whatever. Shipping 6000 lbs would be the greatest expense I should imagine. ----- Original Message ----- From: "meredith lamb" To: Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2009 7:49 AM Subject: Re: Large Lot GEOTECH Earthquake Measuring Seismology Equip > On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:46 AM, wrote: > >> http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=200334607108 >> >> Hi again; >> > > One more note on this lot. Historically I do know that the thermal pens > used on these drums were a constant problem in being > either accidentally physically damaged or from occasional pen motor fast > response driven normal use damage. Even many years ago they were > very expensive to obtain. It wasn't unusual for such to be stripped from > unused equipment to be used. I only noted one pen in the Ebay > photo's. In short....the buyer "may" not get all the pens; and/or they > could also be "home brew" versions therein? Its possible that > the pen motors themselves may be absent from, or short per the quanity of > drums? The thermal paper used is also very expensive. > Just a cautionary buyer/bidder note. I've been a visitor to the NEIC a few > times over the years and these problems were mentioned a > few times from a variety of folks there. No; I am not bidding on the lot. > > Take care, Meredith Lamb > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 10:03:50 -0700 I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Kareem ------------------ Kareem J. Lanier El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 10:04:34 -0700 I forgot to include the link to my system: http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo graph.jpg -----Original Message----- From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM To: 'psn-l@............... Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Kareem ------------------ Kareem J. Lanier El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 10:53:35 -0700 FILE NOT FOUND. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Kareem Lanier" To: Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > I forgot to include the link to my system: > http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo > graph.jpg > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. > Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM > To: 'psn-l@............... > Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > > I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I > need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable > sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I > wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It > just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so > that makes contact with the paper. > > Kareem > > > > > > ------------------ > Kareem J. Lanier > El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 14:03:24 EDT In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes: IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Hi Kareem, What is the matter with your existing pen? You can buy a special cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fine wire for cleaning out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichrome wire, ground to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cleaning fluid, look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride. I can buy very small bore SS tube quite easily. What is the OD of your existing tube? Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes:

IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get= a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormou= s amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point= me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that= has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper.

Hi Kareem,

What is the matter with your existing pen? Yo= u can buy a special cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fin= e wire for cleaning out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichro= me wire, ground to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cle= aning fluid, look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride.

I can buy very small bore SS tube quite easil= y. What is the OD of your existing tube?

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 11:24:28 -0700 Geoffrey, Try this http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo graph.jpg Gary -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of Geoffrey Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:54 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 FILE NOT FOUND. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Kareem Lanier" To: Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > I forgot to include the link to my system: > http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo > graph.jpg > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. > Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM > To: 'psn-l@............... > Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > > I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I > need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable > sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I > wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It > just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so > that makes contact with the paper. > > Kareem > > > > > > ------------------ > Kareem J. Lanier > El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: Ben Bradley benbradley@........... Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 16:08:08 -0400 Gary Lindgren wrote: > Geoffrey, > > Try this > http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo > graph.jpg > Both links "wrap" for me, taking up two lines thus breaking the URL, but I know how to magically copy-and-paste the parts together into the address bar of my browser. It's also easy enough to make a much shorter link at http://tinyurl.com - the following link goes to the pic: http://tinyurl.com/cuxmsn > Gary > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On > Behalf Of Geoffrey > Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:54 AM > To: psn-l@.............. > Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > > FILE NOT FOUND. > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Kareem Lanier" > To: > Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM > Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > > > >> I forgot to include the link to my system: >> >> > http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo > >> graph.jpg >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. >> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM >> To: 'psn-l@............... >> Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 >> >> I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and >> > I > >> need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable >> sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I >> wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. >> > It > >> just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so >> that makes contact with the paper. >> >> Kareem >> >> >> >> >> >> ------------------ >> Kareem J. Lanier >> El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region >> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >> >> > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2009 21:47:54 -0700 Nifty ! that's like the big boys use. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ben Bradley" To: Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 1:08 PM Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 > Gary Lindgren wrote: >> Geoffrey, >> >> Try this >> http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo >> graph.jpg >> > > Both links "wrap" for me, taking up two lines thus breaking the URL, > but I know how to magically copy-and-paste the parts together into the > address bar of my browser. It's also easy enough to make a much shorter > link at http://tinyurl.com - the following link goes to the pic: > > http://tinyurl.com/cuxmsn > >> Gary >> >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On >> Behalf Of Geoffrey >> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:54 AM >> To: psn-l@.............. >> Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 >> >> FILE NOT FOUND. >> >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: "Kareem Lanier" >> To: >> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM >> Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 >> >> >> >>> I forgot to include the link to my system: >>> >>> >> http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo >> >>> graph.jpg >>> >>> >>> -----Original Message----- >>> From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. >>> Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM >>> To: 'psn-l@............... >>> Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 >>> >>> I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and >>> >> I >> >>> need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable >>> sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I >>> wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. >>> >> It >> >>> just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so >>> that makes contact with the paper. >>> >>> Kareem >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> ------------------ >>> Kareem J. Lanier >>> El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region >>> >>> __________________________________________________________ >>> >>> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >>> >>> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >>> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >>> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >>> >>> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >> > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 07:58:40 -0700 Thanks for your replies.. I would love to get the cleaning fluid and wire. Where would one find such materials? What's "OD?" -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of ChrisAtUpw@....... Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 11:03 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes: IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Hi Kareem, What is the matter with your existing pen? You can buy a special cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fine wire for cleaning out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichrome wire, ground to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cleaning fluid, look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride. I can buy very small bore SS tube quite easily. What is the OD of your existing tube? Regards, Chris Chapman __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: How to post helicorder online From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 10:00:43 -0600 Hi Folks, I know many of you post your helicorder (screen shots) online = for others to see. In the past I could not do this because I only had = a dial up modem. I now have broad band. Could someone explain how I can do this? Thanks, Ted

Hi Folks, I know many of you post = your=20 helicorder (screen shots) online for others to see. In the = past I=20 could not do this because I only had a dial up modem. I now have = broad=20 band.

Could someone explain how I can = do=20 this?

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 16:07:50 -0700 1. Your Own ISP has a personal Web Page You can use. 2. Binary Newsgroups can be posted to and your ISP probably has one you need a special program to post with and its not easy to learn how to do it. involves things like BINHEX and/or Yenc or Mime. 3. Use a free BLOG web site. 4. Free file sharing ( but you must join or register ) 5. Peer to Peer which used to be called Kazaa and might now be bit torrent. ----- Original Message ----- From: "tchannel" To: "psn" Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2009 9:00 AM Subject: How to post helicorder online Hi Folks, I know many of you post your helicorder (screen shots) online for others to see. In the past I could not do this because I only had a dial up modem. I now have broad band. Could someone explain how I can do this? Thanks, Ted __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 16:15:43 -0700 My Favorite way ( Which is forbidden by some ISPs unless you pay out the yin-yang ) is to buy a FTP server and allow your buddies or girl friends or whatever to download directly from your own machine. ----- Original Message ----- From: "tchannel" To: "psn" Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2009 9:00 AM Subject: How to post helicorder online Hi Folks, I know many of you post your helicorder (screen shots) online for others to see. In the past I could not do this because I only had a dial up modem. I now have broad band. Could someone explain how I can do this? Thanks, Ted __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: "Kay Wyatt" kwyatt@............. Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 16:56:35 -0700 Ted, Congrats on the broad band! Below is a link that describes how to upload your helicorder images for = near real time display. In the document, we describe how to upload it = to the IRIS Seismographs in Schools website. But you can just = substitute your own web page location. This method uses an inexpensive = software product called "SnagIt" which seems to work as well as any = other. http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/sis/documents/snagit_install_and_setup.pdf I use this method for my helicorder image at http://oregonshakes.com/Seismographs/LWC/LWCseis.html If you use Internet Explorer you can select Page=3D=3D>View source to = see how it automatically refreshes the page every 10 minutes. The = following HTML will do the trick: Kay Wyatt ----- Original Message -----=20 From: tchannel=20 To: psn=20 Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2009 9:00 AM Subject: How to post helicorder online Hi Folks, I know many of you post your helicorder (screen shots) = online for others to see. In the past I could not do this because I = only had a dial up modem. I now have broad band. Could someone explain how I can do this? Thanks, Ted

Ted,

Congrats on the broad band!

Below is a link that describes how to upload your helicorder images = for=20 near real time display. In the document, we describe how to upload = it to=20 the IRIS Seismographs in Schools website. But you can just = substitute your=20 own web page location. This method uses an inexpensive software = product=20 called "SnagIt" which seems to work as well as any other.

http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/sis/documents/snagit_install_and_set= up.pdf

I use this method for my helicorder image at

http://ore= gonshakes.com/Seismographs/LWC/LWCseis.html

If you use Internet Explorer you can select Page=3D=3D>View = source to see=20 how it automatically refreshes the page every 10 minutes. The = following=20 HTML will do the trick:

Kay Wyatt

----- Original Message -----
From:=20 tchannel

To: psn

Sent: Sunday, April 26, 2009 = 9:00=20 AM

Subject: How to post helicorder = online

Hi Folks, I know many of you = post your=20 helicorder (screen shots) online for others to see. In the = past I=20 could not do this because I only had a dial up modem. I now have = broad=20 band.

Could someone explain how I can = do=20 this?

Thanks, = Ted

Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 21:16:10 -0500 There are many ways to post on Internet. I occasionally post to Face book for my sons and certain selected outsiders to see a particular earthquake. I use Infraview to capture the screen, crop it a little and save it. I simple attach it to an email or post it directly into Face book. I have used Snag it. It works. You can then upload to a web site. That doesn't appeal to me because of the inherent delay that exists.... maybe to you. Most internet providers provide some space for you to have a website with reasonable memory. There are many programs that will help you to create a site; most are free ... or, it could be done with Microsoft Publisher if you have it. WinQuake allows almost automatic posting to the PSN network. I settled on a program called VNC (also free) because it allows me to access my computer that is running WinSDR and recording the data when I am away from the home location. It is a what you see is what you get program. You can put security (firewalls) up if you feel threaten by external accessing of your home repeater. I can do anything away from home that I would do at home as long as I have a good WiFi access. And speed isn't that big an issue. My laptop is only about 1 ghz speed. The home router runs at 24 mhz and the broad band connection runs over 10 ghz. Most of the time, the Wifi receiving unit is the problem; weak signal, , angle of sun or bad weather, too many on it at one time, things like that. I have occasionally "stolen" access at some motels ... by just pulling into their parking lot. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 22:33:54 -0400 For uploading real-time helicorder displays to your web site, see the following web page: http://www.jclahr.com/science/psn/as1/index.html How to create a real-time helicorder display for the Internet using SnagIt. How to create a real-time helicorder display for the Internet using MWSnap On 4/26/09, Thomas Dick wrote: > There are many ways to post on Internet. I occasionally post to Face > book for my sons and certain selected outsiders to see a particular > earthquake. I use Infraview to capture the screen, crop it a little and > save it. I simple attach it to an email or post it directly into Face > book. I have used Snag it. It works. You can then upload to a web site. > That doesn't appeal to me because of the inherent delay that exists.... > maybe to you. Most internet providers provide some space for you to have > a website with reasonable memory. There are many programs that will help > you to create a site; most are free ... or, it could be done with > Microsoft Publisher if you have it. WinQuake allows almost automatic > posting to the PSN network. I settled on a program called VNC (also > free) because it allows me to access my computer that is running WinSDR > and recording the data when I am away from the home location. It is a > what you see is what you get program. You can put security (firewalls) > up if you feel threaten by external accessing of your home repeater. I > can do anything away from home that I would do at home as long as I have > a good WiFi access. And speed isn't that big an issue. My laptop is only > about 1 ghz speed. The home router runs at 24 mhz and the broad band > connection runs over 10 ghz. Most of the time, the Wifi receiving > unit is the problem; weak signal, , angle of sun or bad weather, too > many on it at one time, things like that. I have occasionally "stolen" > access at some motels ... by just pulling into their parking lot. > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: "Randy Pratt" rpratt@............. Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2009 09:44:27 -0400 Ted, Bob already mentioned the method "How to create a real-time helicorder display for the Internet using MWSnap" from John Lahr's web site. This works great for AmaSeis but it requires keeping the AmaSeis window open and is limited to one channel. If you use Bob's Helicorder program the program will create its own images periodically and you do not need Snaggit or MWSnap to capture the various windows. The images created by each Helicorder channel can be combined and converted to gif format using Image Magic. Then upload by referring back to John's instructions. Image Magic and the FTP program are free on the GNU license. By not using screen capture you do not need to worry about personal information accidently being captured and uploaded. Randy ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------. > | Message 2 | > '------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------' > Subject: How to post helicorder online > From: "tchannel" > Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2009 10:00:43 -0600 > > This is a multi-part message in MIME format. > > ------=_NextPart_000_001A_01C9C655.DC945C00 > Content-Type: text/plain; > charset="iso-8859-1" > Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable > > Hi Folks, I know many of you post your helicorder (screen shots) online = > for others to see. In the past I could not do this because I only had = > a dial up modem. I now have broad band. > Could someone explain how I can do this? > Thanks, Ted > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2009 20:48:48 -0400 Hi Ted and Randy, My Heliscroll real-time helicorder display program is intended for use only with Dataq Data Acquisition type WDQ files. Larry Cochrane has a similar program for use with his SDR software, I believe. I hope that Don Wheeler of http://www.teleseismic.net can join this discussion and clue us in on how he displays real-time plots. Bob __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: Barry Lotz barry_lotz@............. Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2009 19:32:20 -0700 (PDT) Thomas I use Tight VNC at home between my computer in the house and the sensor computer in the garage(same network). I tried to use the same server address from the garage from my work computer and could not connect. How did you determine the server address for your sensor when you are at a different location? Could my problem be a firewall issue? Regards Barry --- On Sun, 4/26/09, Thomas Dick wrote: From: Thomas Dick Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online To: psn-l@.............. Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 7:16 PM There are many ways to post on Internet. I occasionally post to Face book for my sons and certain selected outsiders to see a particular earthquake. I use Infraview to capture the screen, crop it a little and save it. I simple attach it to an email or post it directly into Face book. I have used Snag it. It works. You can then upload to a web site. That doesn't appeal to me because of the inherent delay that exists.... maybe to you. Most internet providers provide some space for you to have a website with reasonable memory. There are many programs that will help you to create a site; most are free ... or, it could be done with Microsoft Publisher if you have it. WinQuake allows almost automatic posting to the PSN network. I settled on a program called VNC (also free) because it allows me to access my computer that is running WinSDR and recording the data when I am away from the home location. It is a what you see is what you get program. You can put security (firewalls) up if you feel threaten by external accessing of your home repeater. I can do anything away from home that I would do at home as long as I have a good WiFi access. And speed isn't that big an issue. My laptop is only about 1 ghz speed. The home router runs at 24 mhz and the broad band connection runs over 10 ghz. Most of the time, the Wifi receiving unit is the problem; weak signal, , angle of sun or bad weather, too many on it at one time, things like that. I have occasionally "stolen" access at some motels ... by just pulling into their parking lot.

Thomas
I use Tight VNC at home between my computer in the house and the sensor computer in the garage(same network). I tried to use the same server address from the garage from my work computer and could not connect. How did you determine the server address for your sensor when you are at a different location? Could my problem be a firewall issue?
Regards
Barry

--- On Sun, 4/26/09, Thomas Dick <dickthomas01@.............> wrote:

From: Thomas Dick <dickthomas01@.............>
Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online
To: psn-l@..............
Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 7:16 PM

There are many ways to post on Internet. I occasionally post to Face book for my
sons and certain selected outsiders
 to see a particular earthquake. I use
Infraview to capture the screen, crop it a little and save it. I simple attach
it to an email or post it directly into Face book. I have used Snag it. It
works. You can then upload to a web site. That doesn't appeal to me because
of the inherent delay that exists.... maybe to you. Most internet providers
provide some space for you to have a website with reasonable memory. There are
many programs that will help you to create a site; most are free ...  or, it
could be done with Microsoft Publisher if you have it. WinQuake allows almost
automatic posting to the PSN network. I settled on a program called VNC (also
free) because it allows me to access my computer that is running WinSDR and
recording the data when I am away from the home location. It is a what you see
is what you get program. You can put security (firewalls) up if you feel
threaten by external accessing of your home
 repeater. I can do anything away
from home that I would do at home as long as I have a good WiFi access. And
speed isn't that big an issue. My laptop is only about 1 ghz speed. The home
router runs at 24 mhz and the broad band connection runs over 10 ghz. Most of
the time,  the  Wifi  receiving unit is the problem; weak signal, , angle of sun
or bad weather, too many on it at one time, things like that. I have
occasionally "stolen" access at some motels ... by just pulling into
their parking lot.

Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: Barry Lotz barry_lotz@............. Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2009 19:38:25 -0700 (PDT) Kareem Someone told me years ago to add a little glycerin to the ink to increase the ink drying time and prevent clogging. I haven't tried it. Regards Barry --- On Sun, 4/26/09, Kareem Lanier wrote: From: Kareem Lanier Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 To: psn-l@.............. Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 7:58 AM Thanks for your replies.. I would love to get the cleaning fluid and wire. Where would one find such materials? What's "OD?" -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of ChrisAtUpw@....... Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 11:03 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes: IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Hi Kareem, What is the matter with your existing pen? You can buy a special cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fine wire for cleaning out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichrome wire, ground to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cleaning fluid, look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride. I can buy very small bore SS tube quite easily. What is the OD of your existing tube? Regards, Chris Chapman __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

Kareem
Someone told me years ago to add a little glycerin to the ink to increase the ink drying time and prevent clogging. I haven't tried it.
Regards
Barry

--- On Sun, 4/26/09, Kareem Lanier <system98765@.............> wrote:

From: Kareem Lanier <system98765@.............>
Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2
To: psn-l@..............
Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 7:58 AM

Thanks for your replies..

I would love to get the cleaning fluid and wire. Where would one find such
materials? What's "OD?"
 

-----Original Message-----
From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On
Behalf Of ChrisAtUpw@.......
Sent: Saturday, April
 25, 2009 11:03 AM
To: psn-l@..............
Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2

In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes:

	IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't
seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to
charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to
make
one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very,
very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper.
	

Hi Kareem,
 
    What is the matter with your existing pen? You can buy a special
cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fine wire for cleaning
out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichrome wire, ground
to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cleaning fluid,
look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride.
    I can buy
 very small bore SS tube quite easily. What is the OD of your
existing tube? 
 
    Regards,
 
    Chris Chapman

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Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

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See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information.

Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: Pete Rowe ptrowe@......... Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2009 21:16:19 -0700 (PDT) Kareem I have had good luck just soaking the pens for a few days in alcohol. Then run a fine wire through it. As I recall, I used a Violin "E" string for some old Esterline Angus pens. These are really steel wire and not string.You can get one at any music store. I don't know what the inside diameter of your pen is but an e string will be between 0.5 and 0.6 millimeters in diameter. I hope this helps, Pete --- On Sat, 4/25/09, Kareem Lanier wrote: From: Kareem Lanier Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 To: psn-l@.............. Date: Saturday, April 25, 2009, 10:04 AM I forgot to include the link to my system: http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo graph.jpg -----Original Message----- From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM To: 'psn-l@............... Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Kareem ------------------ Kareem J. Lanier El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

Kareem
I have had good luck just soaking the pens for a few days in alcohol. Then run a fine wire through it. As I recall, I used a Violin "E" string for some old Esterline Angus pens. These are really steel wire and not string.You can get one at any music store. I don't know what the inside diameter of your pen is but an e string will be between 0.5 and 0.6 millimeters in diameter.
I hope this helps,
Pete

--- On Sat, 4/25/09, Kareem Lanier <system98765@.............> wrote:

From: Kareem Lanier <system98765@.............>
Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2
To: psn-l@..............
Date: Saturday, April 25, 2009, 10:04 AM

 I forgot to include the link to my
 system:
http://peculiarvelocity.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/800px-kinemetrics_seismo
graph.jpg

-----Original Message-----
From: Kareem Lanier [mailto:system98765@.............. 
Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 10:04 AM
To: 'psn-l@...............
Subject: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2

I have a question regarding this system. IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and
I
need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable
sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I
wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction.
It
just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so
that makes contact with the paper.

Kareem 

------------------
Kareem J. Lanier
El Sobrante, California (N37.96 W122.32) East Bay Area Region

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 Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with 
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Subject: Re: How to post helicorder online From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2009 10:13:05 -0500 Barry Lotz wrote: > Thomas > I use Tight VNC at home between my computer in the house and the > sensor computer in the garage(same network). I tried to use the same > server address from the garage from my work computer and could not > connect. How did you determine the server address for your sensor when > you are at a different location? Could my problem be a firewall issue? > Regards > Barry > I sent your question to Kevin my son who has the expertise in this area. He went to Purdue. The rest of my sons didn't. Here is his reply: Firewalling is an issue. Our network uses UltraVNC through an OpenVPN connection, where a client program for accessing http://freedns.afraid.org/ (an open DNS registration). The client program is called "FreeDNS update". This DNS approach has become unreliable in recent months, as Internet service providers become more aggressive in restricting the residential customers setting up rogue websites without paying for a business account. The good news is that the dynamic IP address of your home connection doesn't change very often at all. I had the same dynamic IP address on the Internet for about a year. I am implementing other DNS solutions to find our way back to the "home network" that will involve interacting with another friendly network, that I also run. It isn't an easy solution, but it will work for us. If this is too technical, I can send him more questions or connect you with him off of PSN. He works cheap. All I have to do is babysit. And that's not bad. By the way, I don't use wiFi from the earthquake computer to my main home computers. I put in cable. That was before Wifi was ever an option! __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Counts From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 09:02:00 -0600 Hi Folks, I have two vertical sensors in test, both using Larry's one = channel board and DATAQ adc. One of the boards is set for low gain and = one is set for high gain, using the jumper. The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico April 27th. Not = unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was 10x the one using = low gain. Something like 70 vs 700. Both traces looked fine and I could see little different, aside for the = counts. My question is what should my count target be? Someone may = have indicated about 100 to 300 counts during the quiet of night? The reason I ask is I see data files posted with many using higher = counts 700 or 800, instead of smaller numbers. I know the higher gain = feature on the board is for lower voltage output. My coil and magnets = are similar to Chris's quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 = turns, so I have plenty of voltage. I would like your opinions and why. Thanks, Ted

Hi Folks, I have two vertical = sensors in=20 test, both using Larry's one channel board and DATAQ adc. = One of the=20 boards is set for low gain and one is set for high gain, using the=20 jumper.

The first earthquake records was the = 5.6m in Mexico=20 April 27th. Not unexpected the counts on the one using high = gain was=20 10x the one using low gain. Something like 70 vs = 700.

Both traces looked fine and I could see = little=20 different, aside for the counts. My question is what should = my count=20 target be? Someone may have indicated about 100 to = 300 counts=20 during the quiet of night?

The reason I ask is I see data files = posted with=20 many using higher counts 700 or 800, instead of smaller=20 numbers. I know the higher gain feature on the board = is for=20 lower voltage output. My coil and magnets are similar to = Chris's=20 quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty of=20 voltage.

I would like your opinions and = why.

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re: Counts From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 13:02:29 -0400 Hi Ted, I use the 12-bit Dataq DI-154 for data acquisition. I aim for about 100 microns per second for full scale output. To find out what is the corresponding gain value to use to obtain this requires calibration of your sensors. Please see my web page http://bobmcclure90.googlepages.com/calibration for my calibration procedures. Also, for short-period amateur vertical sensors, inverse filtering is very advantageous for obtaining longer period response. See my web pages for discussion of inverse filtering and download of the WQFilter utility program for inverse filtering of WinQuake files. Bob On 4/29/09, tchannel wrote: > Hi Folks, I have two vertical sensors in test, both using Larry's one > channel board and DATAQ adc. One of the boards is set for low gain and one > is set for high gain, using the jumper. > > The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico April 27th. Not > unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was 10x the one using low > gain. Something like 70 vs 700. > > Both traces looked fine and I could see little different, aside for the > counts. My question is what should my count target be? Someone may have > indicated about 100 to 300 counts during the quiet of night? > > The reason I ask is I see data files posted with many using higher counts > 700 or 800, instead of smaller numbers. I know the higher gain feature on > the board is for lower voltage output. My coil and magnets are similar to > Chris's quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty > of voltage. > > I would like your opinions and why. > > > Thanks, Ted __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Counts From: Barry Lotz barry_lotz@............. Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 19:20:21 -0700 (PDT) Ted 2 cents: The late Sean Thomas Morrissey emailed PSN on Nov 13, 1999 with expected se= ismograph output. He related amplitude,magnitude and distance.Using his dat= a I plotted distance on the x axis, my vertical sensor count on the y axis = and had lines for 0.5 magnitude incriments from 3 to 8. It was plotted on a= log-log scale.My particular sensor was theoretically 2000v/m/s @ 5 vts=3D3= 2768 cnt. I then plotted individual points for each actual event I recorded= .. It correlated pretty well. The four corners of my graph were: Clip @ M4.5= @100km, and M8 @ 14000km. My winter microseism amplitude was about 300 coun= t. This related to M2.5 @ 100km and M6 @ 14000km. I like the idea of record= ing at two or more gains simultaneously and after reviewing the data, savin= g the best.=20 Barry --- On Wed, 4/29/09, tchannel wrote: From: tchannel Subject: Counts To: "psn" Date: Wednesday, April 29, 2009, 8:02 AM =20 =20 Hi Folks,=A0 I have two vertical sensors in=20 test, both using Larry's one channel board and DATAQ adc.=A0=A0 One of the= =20 boards is set for low gain and one is set for high gain, using the=20 jumper. =A0 The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico=20 April 27th.=A0=A0 Not unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was= =20 10x the one using low gain.=A0=A0 Something like 70 vs 700. =A0 Both traces looked fine and I could see little=20 different, aside for the counts.=A0=A0 My question is what should my count= =20 target be?=A0=A0 Someone may have indicated about 100 to 300=A0counts=20 during the quiet of night? =A0 The reason I ask is I see data files posted with=20 many using higher counts 700 or 800, instead of smaller=20 numbers.=A0=A0=A0 I know the higher gain feature on the board is for=20 lower voltage output.=A0=A0 My coil and magnets are similar to Chris's=20 quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty of=20 voltage. =A0 I would like your opinions and why. =A0 =A0 Thanks, Ted

Ted
2 cents:
The late Sean Thomas Morri= ssey emailed PSN on Nov 13, 1999 with expected seismograph output. He relat= ed amplitude,magnitude and distance.Using his data I plotted distance on th= e x axis, my vertical sensor count on the y axis and had lines for 0.5 magn= itude incriments from 3 to 8. It was plotted on a log-log scale.My particul= ar sensor was theoretically 2000v/m/s @ 5 vts=3D32768 cnt. I then plotted i= ndividual points for each actual event I recorded. It correlated pretty wel= l. The four corners of my graph were: Clip @ M4.5@100km, and M8 @ 14000km. = My winter microseism amplitude was about 300 count. This related to M2.5 @ = 100km and M6 @ 14000km. I like the idea of recording at two or more gains s= imultaneously and after reviewing the data, saving the best.

Barry<= br>--- On Wed, 4/29/09, tchannel <tchannel@............> wrote:
From: tchannel <tchannel@............ t>
Subject: Counts
To: "psn" <psn-l@..............>
Date:= Wednesday, April 29, 2009, 8:02 AM

=20 =20
Hi Folks, I have two vertical se= nsors in=20 test, both using Larry's one channel board and DATAQ adc.   One o= f the=20 boards is set for low gain and one is set for high gain, using the=20 jumper.

The first earthquake records was the 5= ..6m in Mexico=20 April 27th.   Not unexpected the counts on the one using high gai= n was=20 10x the one using low gain.   Something like 70 vs 700.

Both traces looked fine and I could se= e little=20 different, aside for the counts.   My question is what should my = count=20 target be?   Someone may have indicated about 100 to 300 cou= nts=20 during the quiet of night?

The reason I ask is I see data files p= osted with=20 many using higher counts 700 or 800, instead of smaller=20 numbers.    I know the higher gain feature on the board is f= or=20 lower voltage output.   My coil and magnets are similar to Chris'= s=20 quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty of=20 voltage.

I would like your opinions and why.

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re: Counts From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 19:36:36 -0700 Im not sure what you guys are talking about BUT I thought all you need to do is to increase the gain until you see about +/- 2 counts of background noise. Then you shall see about anything that sticks its head above the grass. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Robert McClure" To: Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 10:02 AM Subject: Re: Counts > Hi Ted, > > I use the 12-bit Dataq DI-154 for data acquisition. I aim for about > 100 microns per second for full scale output. To find out what is the > corresponding gain value to use to obtain this requires calibration of > your sensors. Please see my web page > http://bobmcclure90.googlepages.com/calibration for my calibration > procedures. > > Also, for short-period amateur vertical sensors, inverse filtering > is very advantageous for obtaining longer period response. See my web > pages for discussion of inverse filtering and download of the > WQFilter utility program for inverse filtering of WinQuake files. > > Bob > > On 4/29/09, tchannel wrote: >> Hi Folks, I have two vertical sensors in test, both using Larry's one >> channel board and DATAQ adc. One of the boards is set for low gain and one >> is set for high gain, using the jumper. >> >> The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico April 27th. Not >> unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was 10x the one using low >> gain. Something like 70 vs 700. >> >> Both traces looked fine and I could see little different, aside for the >> counts. My question is what should my count target be? Someone may have >> indicated about 100 to 300 counts during the quiet of night? >> >> The reason I ask is I see data files posted with many using higher counts >> 700 or 800, instead of smaller numbers. I know the higher gain feature on >> the board is for lower voltage output. My coil and magnets are similar to >> Chris's quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty >> of voltage. >> >> I would like your opinions and why. >> >> >> Thanks, Ted > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Uploaded files From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 09:19:17 -0500 I'd like to open a new topic and maybe get some feedback as to what my files should contain for users of the PSN network. I know what I like to see in the presentation of my files but... 1. just how much data show be sent; I usually crop down to about two minutes before the arrival of P and then include at least some of the LR waves. Is this enough? I see some files are much longer than that...is there a reason. 2. some deep quakes don't show any LQ or LR .... what good is it to show this time frame? 3. should data containing erroneous spikes be uploading if the rest of the file is good .. I haven't been 4. my location is noisy; is there any value to the users of PSN if files are filtered, like 2 pole, .5 low pass and .05 high pass for a 5.6 mag quake 1600 miles away 5. do programs that in hence wave forms created by certain weaknesses in equipment (like short period verticals data being extended) serve a positive aid to users of this network 6. does the PSN group have any "Elmer's" that would have time to critique uploaded files and answer some questions __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: New Lehman seismometer From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 19:59:23 +0000 Hi all I got a new lehman seismomter build from the old one, that was not working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I just have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. Here are pictures. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Counts From: "Gary Lindgren" gel@................. Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 14:01:16 -0700 Ted, Tell us about your new vertical design seismo. What is the resonant period, any pictures? Gary From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of tchannel Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 8:02 AM To: psn Subject: Counts Hi Folks, I have two vertical sensors in test, both using Larry's one channel board and DATAQ adc. One of the boards is set for low gain and one is set for high gain, using the jumper. The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico April 27th. Not unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was 10x the one using low gain. Something like 70 vs 700. Both traces looked fine and I could see little different, aside for the counts. My question is what should my count target be? Someone may have indicated about 100 to 300 counts during the quiet of night? The reason I ask is I see data files posted with many using higher counts 700 or 800, instead of smaller numbers. I know the higher gain feature on the board is for lower voltage output. My coil and magnets are similar to Chris's quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of 4000 turns, so I have plenty of voltage. I would like your opinions and why. Thanks, Ted

Ted,

Tell us about your new vertical design seismo. What is = the resonant period, any pictures?

Gary

From:= = psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of tchannel
Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 8:02 AM
To: psn
Subject: Counts

Hi Folks, I have two vertical sensors in test, both using Larry's one channel board and DATAQ adc. One of the boards is set for = low gain and one is set for high gain, using the jumper.

The first earthquake records was the 5.6m in Mexico April 27th. = Not unexpected the counts on the one using high gain was 10x the one using = low gain. Something like 70 vs 700.

Both traces looked fine and I could see little different, aside for the counts. My question is what should my count target = be? Someone may have indicated about 100 to 300 counts during the quiet = of night?

The reason I ask is I see data files posted with many using higher counts = 700 or 800, instead of smaller numbers. I know the higher = gain feature on the board is for lower voltage output. My coil = and magnets are similar to Chris's quad magnet arrangement, and a coil of = 4000 turns, so I have plenty of voltage.

I would like your opinions and why.

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re:Counts From: rsparks rsparks@.......... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 16:07:57 -0700 Hi Geoffrey, You raise an interesting question--What is the "grass"? =20 For some folks, it is the microseims apparently generated by ocean waves = and maybe atmospherics. For others, it is local man made noise. For sti= ll others, it may be the electronics of the amplifier, or noise from hing= es or other seismometer parts. If your hinges and electronics are reasonably quiet, you should be able t= o see much smaller vibrations "riding" on the traces from the microseims.= I like counts of 60 to 100 for the microseims so that I can see small l= ocal quakes that are of higher frequency than the micoseims but much smal= ler magnitude. Counts like this also pick up local noise but a quake loo= ks a lot different from a car going by. BTW, I am using the Saum system that uses a 16 bit A/D and has a peak co= unt of +/- 32768. Roger Geoffrey wrote: Subject: Re: Counts From: "Geoffrey" Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 19:36:36 -0700 Im not sure what you guys are talking about BUT I thought all you need to do is to increase the gain until you see about =B1 2 counts of background noise. Then you shall see about anything that sticks its head above the grass. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Re:Counts From: "Edward Ianni" edwianni1@........... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 20:29:35 -0400 Thank you Rodger, but what does a count of 60 or a count of 100 mean = specifically,........ a frequency or amplitude measurment or something = else? Thanks again, Ed. . ----- Original Message -----=20 From: "rsparks" To: Sent: Thursday, April 30, 2009 7:07 PM Subject: Re:Counts Hi Geoffrey, You raise an interesting question--What is the "grass"? =20 For some folks, it is the microseims apparently generated by ocean waves = and maybe atmospherics. For others, it is local man made noise. For = still others, it may be the electronics of the amplifier, or noise from = hinges or other seismometer parts. If your hinges and electronics are reasonably quiet, you should be able = to see much smaller vibrations "riding" on the traces from the = microseims. I like counts of 60 to 100 for the microseims so that I can = see small local quakes that are of higher frequency than the micoseims = but much smaller magnitude. Counts like this also pick up local noise = but a quake looks a lot different from a car going by. BTW, I am using the Saum system that uses a 16 bit A/D and has a peak = count of +/- 32768. Roger Geoffrey wrote: Subject: Re: Counts From: "Geoffrey" Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 19:36:36 -0700 Im not sure what you guys are talking about BUT I thought all you need to do is to increase the gain until you see about =B1 2 counts of background noise. Then you shall see about anything that sticks its head above the grass. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) -------------------------------------------------------------------------= ------- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com=20 Version: 8.5.285 / Virus Database: 270.12.11/2089 - Release Date: = 04/30/09 17:53:00

Thank you = Rodger, but what=20 does a count of 60 or a count of 100 mean specifically,........ a = frequency or=20 amplitude measurment or something else? Thanks again,=20 Ed.

----- Original Message -----

From: "rsparks" <rsparks@..........>

To: <psn-l@..............>

Sent: Thursday, April 30, 2009 7:07 = PM

Subject: Re:Counts

Hi Geoffrey,

You raise an interesting question--What is = the=20 "grass"?

For some folks, it is the microseims apparently = generated=20 by ocean waves and maybe atmospherics. For others, it is local man = made=20 noise. For still others, it may be the electronics of the = amplifier, or=20 noise from hinges or other seismometer parts.

If your = hinges and=20 electronics are reasonably quiet, you should be able to see much smaller = vibrations "riding" on the traces from the microseims. I like = counts of 60=20 to 100 for the microseims so that I can see small local quakes that are = of=20 higher frequency than the micoseims but much smaller magnitude. = Counts=20 like this also pick up local noise but a quake looks a lot different = from a car=20 going by.

BTW, I am using the Saum system that uses a 16 = bit A/D=20 and has a peak count of +/- 32768.

Roger

Geoffrey=20 wrote:
Subject: Re: Counts
From: "Geoffrey"=20 <gmvoeth@...........>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 19:36:36 = -0700

Im=20 not sure what you guys are talking about
BUT I thought all you need = to do=20 is
to increase the gain until you see
about =B1 2 counts of = background=20 noise.
Then you shall see about anything that sticks
its head = above the=20 grass.

_______________________________________________________= ___

Public=20 Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

To leave this list email = PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20
the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe
See = http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information.

No virus found in this incoming=20 message.
Checked by AVG - www.avg.com =
Version:=20 8.5.285 / Virus Database: 270.12.11/2089 - Release Date: 04/30/09=20 17:53:00
Subject: Re: Re:Counts From: "Edward Ianni" edwianni1@........... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 20:37:25 -0400 Oops, sorry about that email gang, I was trying to reach Rodger.

Oops, sorry about that email gang, I = was trying to=20 reach Rodger.

Subject: Re: Counts From: Mark Robinson mark.robinson@............... Date: Fri, 01 May 2009 12:46:06 +1200 Edward Ianni wrote: > *Thank you Rodger, but what does a count of 60 or a count of 100 mean > specifically,........ a frequency or amplitude measurment or something > else? Thanks again, Ed.* "counts" means the raw numbers output by the analogue to digital converter. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 19:46:15 -0700 Jon, Very nice. Can you describe the upper and lower pivots? Is there advantage to having the coil on the boom rather than the magnet? Rob J�n Fr�mann wrote: > Hi all > > I got a new lehman seismomter build from the old one, that was not > working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I just > have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. > > Here are pictures. > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html > > Regards. > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2009 5:25 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Fri, 01 May 2009 13:58:47 +0000 Hi Here are pictures of the top and lower pivots. The top is a hindge that allows free movement of the arm. It was recomenned to me that I should put the magnet on the base, not the arm. But I am not sure about the diffrance, I don't think it is none. But it works anyway. I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change the setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that is hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp angle means faster movement of the arm. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010001.jpg.html http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010002.jpg.html http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010003.jpg.html Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On fim, 2009-04-30 at 19:46 -0700, Robert O. Green wrote: > Jon, >=20 > Very nice. >=20 > Can you describe the upper and lower pivots? >=20 > Is there advantage to having the coil on the boom rather than the magnet? >=20 > Rob >=20 > J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: > > Hi all > > > > I got a new lehman seismomter build from the old one, that was not > > working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I jus= t > > have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. > > > > Here are pictures. > > > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html > > > > Regards. > > =20 > > -----------------------------------------------------------------------= - > > > > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2= 009 5:25 PM > > > > =20 >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Fri, 1 May 2009 18:41:16 -0400 Hi Jon, I looked at your photos, and I think more work is needed. Be sure that none of the materials used in the boom and its parts are magnetic. DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE WIRE LEAD TO THE COIL!!! You cannot just leave it hanging loose from the boom. Cut it near the lower pivot, secure it to the boom, and join it with coils of fine copper wire to terminals on the frame. The terminals should be located as near to the lower pivot as possible. TURN THE DAMPING VANE NINETY DEGREES. Then you can adjust the damping by adjusting how far the vane protrudes into the magnet. As it is arranged now, you can only adjust the damping by changing the field gap of the magnet. Think about cross-bracing the uprights supporting the upper pivot in order to reduce side sway, which could cause instability. An "A" shaped upright frame would be the best for lateral stiffness. Be sure to mount the device on a base in solid contact with the ground. Avoid any compliant material between the feet and ground. Long period horizontal sensors are very tilt sensitive, so expect trace excursions if you walk anywhere near it. Locate it inside and as far away from human activity if you can. I do not like to see the coil and damping vane dangling down so far below the pendulum. I cannot comment on your pivots, because there is not enough detail shown. My personal belief is that the materials should be very hard, polished, and preferably of dissimilar composition -- for example, hardened steel mated with sapphire. Hard material resists flat spots, and the use of different materials resists stiction from molecular attraction at the interface. If you use balls and flat plates for pivots, the balls should be attached to the frame, not the pendulum. This is to avoid shifting of the hinge line if the point of contact of the ball with the plate should slip. Similarly, if you use crossed rods for pivots, the axes of the rods mounted on the frame should lie in a vertical plane. Bob PSN Station REM http://bobmclure90.googlepages/home ~~~~~~~Original Message~~~~~~~~ Subject: New Lehman seismometer From: jonfr@...... Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 19:59:23 +0000 Hi all I got a new lehman seismometer built from the old one, that was not working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I just have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. Here are pictures. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html Regards. Jon Frimann __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 16:02:47 +1000 Jon,
As I told you several weeks ago and Bob McClure said within the last
couple of days .....
"DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE WIRE LEAD TO THE COIL!!! You cannot just
leave it hanging loose from the boom. Cut it near the lower pivot,
secure it to the boom, and join it with coils of fine copper wire to
terminals on the frame. The terminals should be located as near to the
lower pivot as possible."

Jon.... You MUST do this you, will NEVER achieve long period, free motion of the
arm until you get this sorted out. It is absolutely essential to get rid of that huge
thick cable coming off the pivot end of the boom, it will be totally destroying any
attempt you make to try to get any decent sort of period from the seismometer.
Until you change that, almost anything else you do to the unit will be worthless.
see how it is done on this commercial long period seismo that I and others are/have used ..... www.sydneystormcity.com/990605-013a.jpg

you can see that in this case there are 2 pair of cables coming along the boom
( there are 2 pickup coils on this seismo) they are terminated then VERY fine wire connects them to terminals on the vertical part of the frame. Use 26 - 30 swg enamelled wire ( the finer the better). and also use finer cable between the pickup coil and the terminal point that that thick cable you are currently using.

cheers
Dave Nelson
Sydney
Australia

At 01:58 PM 5/1/2009 +0000, you wrote:

Hi
I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this
design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used.

After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change the
setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that is
hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp angle
means faster movement of the arm.

Regards.
J=F3n Fr=EDmann.

Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 10:40:51 +0000 Hi The wire is not the issue. As it currently is it not loose. But I did place it nicely in regards to the boom and it's movement. The boom it self is free to move without issue. I am going to fix a lot of minor issues after the weekend, then I am going to post more pictures. I have posted new pictures here, they are hopefully more detailed then before. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5020001.jpg.html Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On lau, 2009-05-02 at 16:02 +1000, Dave Nelson wrote: > Jon, > As I told you several weeks ago and Bob McClure said within > the last=20 > couple of days ..... > "DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE WIRE LEAD TO THE COIL!!! You cannot just=20 > leave it hanging loose from the boom. Cut it near the lower pivot,=20 > secure it to the boom, and join it with coils of fine copper wire to=20 > terminals on the frame. The terminals should be located as near to > the=20 > lower pivot as possible." >=20 > Jon.... You MUST do this you, will NEVER achieve long period, free > motion of the=20 > arm until you get this sorted out. It is absolutely essential to get > rid of that huge=20 > thick cable coming off the pivot end of the boom, it will be totally > destroying any=20 > attempt you make to try to get any decent sort of period from the > seismometer. > Until you change that, almost anything else you do to the unit will be > worthless. > see how it is done on this commercial long period seismo that I and > others are/have used ..... www.sydneystormcity.com/990605-013a.jpg >=20 > you can see that in this case there are 2 pair of cables coming along > the boom=20 > ( there are 2 pickup coils on this seismo) they are terminated then > VERY fine wire connects them to terminals on the vertical part of the > frame. Use 26 - 30 swg enamelled wire ( the finer the better). and > also use finer cable between the pickup coil and the terminal point > that that thick cable you are currently using. >=20 > cheers > Dave Nelson > Sydney > Australia >=20 >=20 >=20 > At 01:58 PM 5/1/2009 +0000, you wrote: > > Hi > > I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this > > design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. > >=20 > > After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change > > the > > setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive > > that is > > hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp > > angle > > means faster movement of the arm. > >=20 > > Regards. > > J=F3n Fr=EDmann. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 06:17:07 -0700 Dave, Is there are reason to have the coil on the boom? Wouldn't these issues be eliminated if the coil was on the base plate and the magnet was on the boom? Rob Dave Nelson wrote: > Jon, > As I told you several weeks ago and Bob McClure said within > the last > couple of days ..... > *"DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE WIRE LEAD TO THE COIL!!! *You cannot just > leave it hanging loose from the boom. Cut it near the lower pivot, > secure it to the boom, and join it with coils of fine copper wire to > terminals on the frame. The terminals should be located as near to the > lower pivot as possible." > > Jon.... You *MUST* do this you, will *NEVER* achieve long period, free > motion of the > arm until you get this sorted out. It is absolutely essential to get > rid of that huge > thick cable coming off the pivot end of the boom, it will be totally > destroying any > attempt you make to try to get any decent sort of period from the > seismometer. > Until you change that, almost anything else you do to the unit will be > worthless. > see how it is done on this commercial long period seismo that I and > others are/have used ..... www.sydneystormcity.com/990605-013a.jpg > > > you can see that in this case there are 2 pair of cables coming along > the boom > ( there are 2 pickup coils on this seismo) they are terminated then > VERY fine wire connects them to terminals on the vertical part of the > frame. Use 26 - 30 swg enamelled wire ( the finer the better). and > also use finer cable between the pickup coil and the terminal point > that that thick cable you are currently using. > > cheers > Dave Nelson > Sydney > Australia > > > > At 01:58 PM 5/1/2009 +0000, you wrote: >> Hi >> I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this >> design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. >> >> After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change the >> setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that is >> hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp angle >> means faster movement of the arm. >> >> Regards. >> J�n Fr�mann. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2009 5:25 PM > > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: English Channel swarm From: JAMES RIDOUT jamesridout@.............. Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 13:23:21 +0000 (GMT) Does anyone know if theres usually this many tremors in the English Channel= .. Or is something going to happen?. =A0 =A0http://www.southamptonweather.co.uk/wxquake.php =A0 =A0=A0=A0=A0 James

Does anyone know if theres usually this = many tremors in the English Channel. Or is something going to happen?.

http= ://www.southamptonweather.co.uk/wxquake.php

James

Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots 2 From: "Robert O. Green" rog@.......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 06:24:36 -0700 Hi Jon, Thank you for these pictures they help. Is the top pivot a set of crossed carbide steel shafts? Is the bottom pivot a SS ball bearing on the boom against a SS bolt head? I am about to begin my effort. It seems the pivots are everything. Rob J�n Fr�mann wrote: > Hi > > Here are pictures of the top and lower pivots. The top is a hindge that > allows free movement of the arm. > > It was recomenned to me that I should put the magnet on the base, not > the arm. But I am not sure about the diffrance, I don't think it is > none. But it works anyway. > > I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this > design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. > > After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change the > setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that is > hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp angle > means faster movement of the arm. > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010001.jpg.html > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010002.jpg.html > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010003.jpg.html > > Regards. > J�n Fr�mann. > > > > On fim, 2009-04-30 at 19:46 -0700, Robert O. Green wrote: > >> Jon, >> >> Very nice. >> >> Can you describe the upper and lower pivots? >> >> Is there advantage to having the coil on the boom rather than the magnet? >> >> Rob >> >> J�n Fr�mann wrote: >> >>> Hi all >>> >>> I got a new lehman seismomter build from the old one, that was not >>> working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I just >>> have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. >>> >>> Here are pictures. >>> >>> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html >>> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html >>> >>> Regards. >>> >>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >>> >>> >>> Internal Virus Database is out of date. >>> Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com >>> Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2009 5:25 PM >>> >>> >>> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> >> Internal Virus Database is out of date. >> Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com >> Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2009 5:25 PM >> >> __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 07:45:56 -0700 If you study the history of seismicity in Great Britan you will see that it possible to have a big one within that English Channel Area. One such is believed to have happened quite sometime ago that sent a tsunami on both sides of the channel. ----- Original Message ----- From: "JAMES RIDOUT" To: Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 6:23 AM Subject: English Channel swarm Does anyone know if theres usually this many tremors in the English Channel. Or is something going to happen?. http://www.southamptonweather.co.uk/wxquake.php James __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: Tangazazen@....... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 11:07:29 EDT Hi James, I don't know about a tsunami but I am situated close to the English Channel at Ashford and I did note that the quake two years ago ( M 4.7 ) did send ripples through my cup of tea! Martin

Hi James,

I don't know about a tsunami but I am situated close to= the English Channel at Ashford and I did note that the quake two years ag= o ( M 4.7 ) did send ripples through my cup of tea!

Martin

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 08:42:40 -0700 If you study the history you will see a possibility of like a 7.0 happening under the channel. ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 8:07 AM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm > Hi James, > > I don't know about a tsunami but I am situated close to the English > Channel at Ashford and I did note that the quake two years ago ( M 4.7 ) did > send ripples through my cup of tea! > > Martin > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "Marchal van Lare" vanlare@............. Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 17:55:13 +0200 Hi all, I think those events are related to controlled mine detonations conducted by marine vessels; take a look at the time of events; most of them are during the daytime hours! Regards, Marchal van Lare -Oostburg, The Netherlands ----- Original Message ----- From: "Geoffrey" To: Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 5:42 PM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm > If you study the history you will see > a possibility of like a 7.0 happening > under the channel. > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: > To: > Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 8:07 AM > Subject: Re: English Channel swarm > > >> Hi James, >> >> I don't know about a tsunami but I am situated close to the English >> Channel at Ashford and I did note that the quake two years ago ( M 4.7 ) >> did send ripples through my cup of tea! >> >> Martin > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of the > message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: Tangazazen@....... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 12:01:31 EDT As the present swarm appears to be on the French side of the channel I won't worry about it. I believe the seismic activity is the results of an old wound from the closure of the Rheic sea that separated Avalonia from Gondwana some time ago. I expect there have been many large earthquakes over the last few hundred million years, Martin

As the present swarm appears to be on the French side of th= e channel I won't worry about it.

I believe the seismic activity is the results of an old wound fr= om the closure of the Rheic sea that separated Avalonia from Gondwana some time= ago. I expect there have been many large earthquakes over the last fe= w hundred million years,

Martin

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: Tangazazen@....... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 12:10:46 EDT Hi Marchal' It's a nice idea but if the reports are to be believed, then that's a pretty deep hole that's been dug! Martin

Hi Marchal'

It's a nice idea but if the reports are to be believed, then= that's a pretty deep hole that's been dug!

Martin

Subject: Re: Uploaded files From: rsparks rsparks@.......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 09:23:21 -0700 Hello Thomas, I thought I would give some feedback to your question about uploaded files. No doubt each of us has a different goal when we look at traces generated by others, but my questions are usually "Did they capture a quake?" and "What did the wave look like there?". The two questions may call for two different traces. Filtering frequently helps display the quake better, eliminating some background noise. On the other hand, filtering always reconfigures the raw data so that the original wave is no longer visible. I will continue my comments as interjections into your text: psn-l-digest-request@.............. wrote: > .------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------. > | Message 1 | > '------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------' > Subject: Uploaded files > From: Thomas Dick > Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2009 09:19:17 -0500 > > I'd like to open a new topic and maybe get some feedback as to what my > files should contain for users of the PSN network. I know what I like to > see in the presentation of my files but... > 1. just how much data show be sent; I usually crop down to about two > minutes before the arrival of P and then include at least some of the LR > waves. Is this enough? I see some files are much longer than that...is > there a reason. > A M9 quake will shake the world for hours. One M9 was recorded on my instrument for over 4 hours. I guess how much file you include depends upon what you are trying to show your viewers. > 2. some deep quakes don't show any LQ or LR .... what good is it to show > this time frame? > I make the assumption that no trace means no data recorded. Why use the bandwidth? > 3. should data containing erroneous spikes be uploading if the rest of > the file is good .. I haven't been > Contaminated data SHOULD be discarded. The viewer should be able to expect the data to be free of extraneous events to the best knowledge and ability of the posting station. > 4. my location is noisy; is there any value to the users of PSN if > files are filtered, like 2 pole, .5 low pass and .05 high pass for a 5.6 > mag quake 1600 miles away > I prefer no filter, just the raw data. Then I can filter the event if I so choose. If the event is posted with the "volume" format available in WinQuake, then both filtered and unfiltered traces can be posted/viewed on the same screen. > 5. do programs that in hence wave forms created by certain weaknesses in > equipment (like short period verticals data being extended) serve a > positive aid to users of this network > I think the availability of such an enhancing program is very valuable to demonstrate what a more capable instrument might display. I prefer not using such a filter every posting because filters hide the raw data. > 6. does the PSN group have any "Elmer's" that would have time to > critique uploaded files and answer some questions > > > I guess we are all "Elmers" in the sense that all of us are learning as we go along, and can share what we have learned. Chris, Bob, and Larry are particularly skilled and have generously shared in the past. Thanks to them and many others who have contributed to this hobby. Roger __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots 2 From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 17:33:39 +0000 Hi The material that I used in v2.0.0 sensor is mostly iron and steel. Including the nesscary ball bearing and the boom. However, my sensors does have issues. I hope to fix them after the weekend. When that change is over, I am going add more pictures. I plan to use this setup for the arm, as the setup needs to be forced balance, as it currently use it holds the arm up by tugh hindge and that does not work properly. http://www.mckimzey.com/seismometer/lehman/boom_support.jpg http://www.mckimzey.com/lehman.html Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On lau, 2009-05-02 at 06:24 -0700, Robert O. Green wrote: > Hi Jon, >=20 > Thank you for these pictures they help. >=20 > Is the top pivot a set of crossed carbide steel shafts? >=20 > Is the bottom pivot a SS ball bearing on the boom against a SS bolt head? >=20 > I am about to begin my effort. It seems the pivots are everything. >=20 > Rob >=20 > J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: > > Hi > > > > Here are pictures of the top and lower pivots. The top is a hindge that > > allows free movement of the arm. > > > > It was recomenned to me that I should put the magnet on the base, not > > the arm. But I am not sure about the diffrance, I don't think it is > > none. But it works anyway. > > > > I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this > > design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. > > > > After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change th= e > > setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that i= s > > hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp angl= e > > means faster movement of the arm. > > > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010001.jpg.html > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010002.jpg.html > > http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5010003.jpg.html > > > > Regards. > > J=F3n Fr=EDmann. > > > > > > > > On fim, 2009-04-30 at 19:46 -0700, Robert O. Green wrote: > > =20 > >> Jon, > >> > >> Very nice. > >> > >> Can you describe the upper and lower pivots? > >> > >> Is there advantage to having the coil on the boom rather than the magn= et? > >> > >> Rob > >> > >> J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: > >> =20 > >>> Hi all > >>> > >>> I got a new lehman seismomter build from the old one, that was not > >>> working. The new one is bit more complex and more adjustable. Now I j= ust > >>> have to figure out how to get the seconds down to 10 to 20 seconds. > >>> > >>> Here are pictures. > >>> > >>> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300001.jpg.html > >>> http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p4300002.jpg.html > >>> > >>> Regards. > >>> > >>> ---------------------------------------------------------------------= --- > >>> > >>> > >>> Internal Virus Database is out of date. > >>> Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > >>> Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22= /2009 5:25 PM > >>> > >>> > >>> =20 > >> __________________________________________________________ > >> > >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > >> > >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > >> the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > >> =20 > >> ----------------------------------------------------------------------= -- > >> > >> > >> Internal Virus Database is out of date. > >> Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > >> Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/= 2009 5:25 PM > >> > >> =20 >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Sat, 02 May 2009 17:38:36 +0000 Hi There are really old fault zones in that area. This are was once a subduction zone and contients did crash there, building mountins. I do belive that this high number of earthquakes is quite unusual for UK. But I am far from sure. UK is considered to be really quiet part of the earth crust. Most of the time. It is too bad that I don't know more about UK earthquakes. As I have enough with my those in Iceland. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On lau, 2009-05-02 at 13:23 +0000, JAMES RIDOUT wrote: > Does anyone know if theres usually this many tremors in the English > Channel. Or is something going to happen?. > =20 > http://www.southamptonweather.co.uk/wxquake.php > =20 > James --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: Tangazazen@....... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 14:37:46 EDT Hi Marchal, If it was not for the depth you might have been right. There exists an under water valley called the Hurd Deep just north of the Channel Islands. It is about 150Km long, 1.5 to 5 Km wide and about 55-90 meteres deep and was used to dump explosives after the last war. If the seismic activity had been that, it would have been more interesting. Martin

Hi Marchal,

If it was not for the depth you might have= been right. There exists an under water valley called the Hurd Deep just north= of the Channel Islands. It is about 150Km long, 1.5 to 5 Km wide and about 55-90= meteres deep and was used to dump explosives after the last war. If= the seismic activity had been that, it would have been more interesting.<= /DIV>

Martin

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "Marchal van Lare" vanlare@............. Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 21:53:04 +0200 Hi Martin, I am still pretty convinced those events are in fact mine detonations. = The waveforms of those events show a typical explosion signature. There = have been lots of mine sweeping acitvities further north along the = Belgian coast also during the last few weeks. Somewhat surprised to see the depth mentioned by the BGS. On the other = hand, I have seen it before and they changed their information later on. = I know the Dutch KNMI sometimes has to wait up to 2-3 weeks before they = receive a confirmation of mine sweeping activities. In the mean time, = the registered event is considered natural. You can see such a detonation on youtube: = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Djo5aLDsfoaw Regards, Marchal ----- Original Message -----=20 From: Tangazazen@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 8:37 PM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm Hi Marchal, If it was not for the depth you might have been right. There = exists an under water valley called the Hurd Deep just north of the = Channel Islands. It is about 150Km long, 1.5 to 5 Km wide and about = 55-90 meteres deep and was used to dump explosives after the last war. = If the seismic activity had been that, it would have been more = interesting. Martin

Hi Martin,

I am still pretty convinced those events are in fact mine = detonations. The=20 waveforms of those events show a typical explosion signature. There have = been=20 lots of mine sweeping acitvities further north along the Belgian coast = also=20 during the last few weeks.

Somewhat surprised to see the depth mentioned by the BGS. On the = other=20 hand, I have seen it before and they changed their information later on. =

I know the Dutch KNMI sometimes has to wait up to 2-3 weeks before = they=20 receive a confirmation of mine sweeping activities. In the mean time, = the=20 registered event is considered natural.

You can see such a detonation on youtube: http://www.youtube.= com/watch?v=3Djo5aLDsfoaw

Regards,

Marchal

----- Original Message -----
From:=20 Tangazazen@.......

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 = 8:37=20 PM

Subject: Re: English Channel = swarm

Hi Marchal,

If it was not for the depth you might = have been=20 right. There exists an under water valley called the Hurd Deep just = north of=20 the Channel Islands. It is about 150Km long, 1.5 to 5 Km wide and = about 55-90=20 meteres deep and was used to dump explosives after the last war. = If the=20 seismic activity had been that, it would have been more=20 interesting.

Martin

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 14:10:45 -0600 Hi Folks, Does anyone have any of these events as data files, .psn or .sac? If so can you tell where we could download the data files? Thanks, Ted Channel ----- Original Message ----- From: "Marchal van Lare" To: Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 9:55 AM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm > Hi all, > > I think those events are related to controlled mine detonations conducted > by marine vessels; take a look at the time of events; most of them are > during the daytime hours! > > Regards, > > Marchal van Lare > -Oostburg, The Netherlands > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Geoffrey" > To: > Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 5:42 PM > Subject: Re: English Channel swarm > > >> If you study the history you will see >> a possibility of like a 7.0 happening >> under the channel. >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: >> To: >> Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 8:07 AM >> Subject: Re: English Channel swarm >> >> >>> Hi James, >>> >>> I don't know about a tsunami but I am situated close to the English >>> Channel at Ashford and I did note that the quake two years ago ( M >>> 4.7 ) did send ripples through my cup of tea! >>> >>> Martin >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of >> the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of the > message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 18:10:15 EDT In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes: If so can you tell where we could download the data files? Thanks, Ted Channel Hi Ted, You can get broad band drumplots for the last 10 days at _http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html_ (http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html) but I don't see much which looks significant. The nearest station is JSA in the Channel Islands. I would expect local events to show up on the 3 to 8 second short period traces. Note that these are VERY small quakes! Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes:

If so can you tell where we could download the data files?
Thanks, Ted Channel

Hi Ted,

You can get broad band drumplots for the last= 10 days at http://www.= earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html but I don't see much which looks significant. The nearest station is JSA = in the Channel Islands. I would expect local events to show up on the 3 to= 8 second short period traces. Note that these are VERY small quakes!

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 16:38:35 -0600 Thank You Chris, Ted ----- Original Message -----=20 From: ChrisAtUpw@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 4:10 PM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes: If so can you tell where we could download the data files? Thanks, Ted Channel Hi Ted, You can get broad band drumplots for the last 10 days at = http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html but I don't see = much which looks significant. The nearest station is JSA in the Channel = Islands. I would expect local events to show up on the 3 to 8 second = short period traces. Note that these are VERY small quakes!=20 Regards, Chris Chapman

Thank You Chris,

Ted

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 ChrisAtUpw@.......

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 = 4:10=20 PM

Subject: Re: English Channel = swarm

In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ = writes:

If so=20 can you tell where we could download the data files?
Thanks, Ted=20 Channel

Hi Ted,

You can get broad band drumplots for the = last 10=20 days at http://www= ..earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html but=20 I don't see much which looks significant. The nearest station is = JSA in=20 the Channel Islands. I would expect local events to show up on = the 3 to=20 8 second short period traces. Note that these are VERY small quakes! =

Regards,

Chris=20 Chapman

Subject: Guralp From: "Jack Ivey" ivey@.......... Date: Sat, 2 May 2009 22:23:46 -0400 Folks, I've come into possession of a late 80's vintage Guralp vertical force feedback seismo. Unfortunately, it has no model information. It has a 3"x9" (waterproof-ish but not borehole- ready) cylindrical sensor with very nice brass workings inside. There is also an amplifier package in an aluminum cylinder. It appears to use capacitive position sensing, a force=20 feedback coil, and a triangular leaf spring to give about a 2-Hz mechanical period. It=20 has remote centering with a gearmotor, and a manual mass clamp for shipping. The sensor has a cable coming out the bottom with a 10-pin MS connector on the end, and three pointed feet. The sensor part looks pretty straightforward, and I'm tracing the amp=20 circuit (this will take a while). =20 This unit doesn't appear to be on Guralp's website. =20 =20 Anyone have any idea what I have here? I can take some pictures if it'll help. Anyone gotten obsolete information out of Guralp before? =20 Thanks, Jack =20

Folks,

I've come into possession of a late = 80's vintage Guralp vertical force feedback = seismo.

Unfortunately, it has no model information. It has a 3"x9" (waterproof-ish but not = borehole-

ready) cylindrical sensor with very = nice brass workings inside. There is also an = amplifier

package in an aluminum = cylinder. It appears to use capacitive position sensing, a force =

feedback coil, and a triangular = leaf spring to give about a 2-Hz mechanical period. It =

has remote centering with a = gearmotor, and a manual mass clamp for shipping. The

sensor has a cable coming out the = bottom with a 10-pin MS connector on the end, and

three pointed feet. The = sensor part looks pretty straightforward, and I'm tracing the amp =

circuit (this will take a = while).

This unit doesn't appear to be on = Guralp's website.

Anyone have any idea what I have = here? I can take some pictures if it'll help. = Anyone

gotten obsolete information out of = Guralp before?

Thanks,

Jack

Subject: Re: Guralp seismo From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Sun, 03 May 2009 13:26:19 +1000 Greetings Jack,
When I visited the USGS.NEIC HQ in Golden, Colorado in 2006,
John McMillan whas the lab tech that showed us lots of wonderful gear
amongst that were the Gulrap Horiz and Vert seismo's
www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_horiz_seismom1.JPG

www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_vert_seismom1.JPG

maybe the same as you have acquired :) I dont know if John is still there
but a phone call to there may get you some data sheets anyway

see how you go
Dave Nelson
Sydney

At 10:23 PM 5/2/2009 -0400, you wrote:

Folks,
I've come into possession of a late 80's vintage Guralp vertical force feedback seismo.
Unfortunately, it has no model information. It has a 3"x9" (waterproof-ish but not borehole-
ready) cylindrical sensor with very nice brass workings inside. There is also an amplifier
package in an aluminum cylinder. It appears to use capacitive position sensing, a force
feedback coil, and a triangular leaf spring to give about a 2-Hz mechanical period. It
has remote centering with a gearmotor, and a manual mass clamp for shipping. The
sensor has a cable coming out the bottom with a 10-pin MS connector on the end, and
three pointed feet. The sensor part looks pretty straightforward, and I'm tracing the amp
circuit (this will take a while).
This unit doesn't appear to be on Guralp's website.

Anyone have any idea what I have here? I can take some pictures if it'll help. Anyone
gotten obsolete information out of Guralp before?
Thanks,
Jack

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: Tangazazen@....... Date: Sun, 3 May 2009 05:09:49 EDT Hi Marchal, These earthquake are very small in magnitude, may be the depth estimate is suspect. I remember that it was difficult to determine the nature of the North Korean so called atomic bomb test. There was also an article in the Scientific American a while ago about the detection of under ground nuclear explosions and apparently a false alarm was created by a mine collapsing. Unfortunately the urban noise at my site is too high to distinguish these latest English channel events. Regards Martin

Hi Marchal,

These earthquake are very small in magnitude,= may be the depth estimate is suspect.

I remember that it was difficult to determine the nature of the North= Korean so called atomic bomb test.

There was also an article in the Scientific American a while ago abou= t the detection of under ground nuclear explosions and apparently a false alarm= was created by a mine collapsing.

Unfortunately the urban noise at my site is too high to distinguish= these latest English channel events.

Regards Martin

Subject: RE: Guralp seismo From: "Jack Ivey" ivey@.......... Date: Sun, 3 May 2009 09:19:32 -0400 Dave, That looks very similar to what I have - probably a slightly newer or older model. Thanks for the tip! =20 Jack =20 ________________________________ From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of Dave Nelson Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 11:26 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Guralp seismo =20 Greetings Jack, When I visited the USGS.NEIC HQ in Golden, Colorado in 2006, John McMillan whas the lab tech that showed us lots of wonderful gear amongst that were the Gulrap Horiz and Vert seismo's=20 www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_horiz_seismom1.JPG www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_vert_seismom1.JPG maybe the same as you have acquired :) I dont know if John is still there but a phone call to there may get you some data sheets anyway see how you go Dave Nelson Sydney At 10:23 PM 5/2/2009 -0400, you wrote: Folks, I've come into possession of a late 80's vintage Guralp vertical force feedback seismo. Unfortunately, it has no model information. It has a 3"x9" (waterproof-ish but not borehole- ready) cylindrical sensor with very nice brass workings inside. There is also an amplifier package in an aluminum cylinder. It appears to use capacitive position sensing, a force=20 feedback coil, and a triangular leaf spring to give about a 2-Hz mechanical period. It=20 has remote centering with a gearmotor, and a manual mass clamp for shipping. The sensor has a cable coming out the bottom with a 10-pin MS connector on the end, and three pointed feet. The sensor part looks pretty straightforward, and I'm tracing the amp=20 circuit (this will take a while). This unit doesn't appear to be on Guralp's website. =20 Anyone have any idea what I have here? I can take some pictures if it'll help. Anyone gotten obsolete information out of Guralp before? Thanks, Jack

Dave,

That looks very similar to what I = have – probably a slightly newer or older model.

Thanks for the = tip!

Jack

From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of Dave Nelson
Sent: Saturday, May 02, = 2009 11:26 PM
To: = psn-l@..............
Subject: Re: Guralp = seismo

Greetings Jack,
= When I visited the USGS.NEIC HQ in Golden, Colorado in 2006,
John McMillan whas the lab tech that showed us lots of wonderful = gear
amongst that were the Gulrap Horiz and Vert seismo's
www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_horiz_seismom1.JP= G

www.sydneystormcity.com/Guralp_CMG-V30_vert_seismom1.JPG=

maybe the same as you have acquired :) I dont = know if John is still there
but a phone call to there may get you some data sheets anyway

see how you go
Dave Nelson
Sydney

At 10:23 PM 5/2/2009 -0400, you wrote:

Folks,
I've come into possession of a late 80's vintage Guralp vertical force = feedback seismo.
Unfortunately, it has no model information. It has a = 3"x9" (waterproof-ish but not borehole-
ready) cylindrical sensor with very nice brass workings inside. = There is also an amplifier
package in an aluminum cylinder. It appears to use capacitive = position sensing, a force
feedback coil, and a triangular leaf spring to give about a 2-Hz = mechanical period. It
has remote centering with a gearmotor, and a manual mass clamp for shipping. The
sensor has a cable coming out the bottom with a 10-pin MS connector on = the end, and
three pointed feet. The sensor part looks pretty straightforward, = and I'm tracing the amp
circuit (this will take a while).
This unit doesn't appear to be on Guralp's website.

Anyone have any idea what I have here? I can = take some pictures if it'll help. Anyone
gotten obsolete information out of Guralp before?
Thanks,
Jack

Subject: event From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Sun, 03 May 2009 11:35:53 -0500 about 16:26 ...anybody got a location yet? __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: event From: Canie canie@........... Date: Sun, 03 May 2009 09:41:17 -0700 6.1 Guatemala? http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009geat.php At 09:35 AM 5/3/2009, you wrote: >about 16:26 ...anybody got a location yet? >__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: event From: Thomas Dick dickthomas01@............. Date: Sun, 03 May 2009 11:47:20 -0500 Canie wrote: > 6.1 Guatemala? > > http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009geat.php > > At 09:35 AM 5/3/2009, you wrote: >> about 16:26 ...anybody got a location yet? >> __________________________________________________________ > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of > the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > Thanks -- 16:45 and still shaking here .. not really a rolling , more irregularity to it. ..jaged __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: event From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Sun, 3 May 2009 10:51:37 -0600 We got it loud and clear, here in Idaho Ted ----- Original Message ----- From: "Thomas Dick" To: Sent: Sunday, May 03, 2009 10:47 AM Subject: Re: event > Canie wrote: >> 6.1 Guatemala? >> >> http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009geat.php >> >> At 09:35 AM 5/3/2009, you wrote: >>> about 16:26 ...anybody got a location yet? >>> __________________________________________________________ >> >> __________________________________________________________ >> >> Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >> >> To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of >> the message (first line only): unsubscribe >> See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. >> > Thanks -- 16:45 and still shaking here .. not really a rolling , more > irregularity to it. ..jaged > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: 6.1M Guatemala From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Sun, 3 May 2009 11:01:31 -0600 Hello Rolando Benitez, If you have time, would you tell the group about = your experience. Thanks, Ted

Hello Rolando Benitez, If you have time, = would you=20 tell the group about your experience.

Thanks, Ted

Subject: Re: English Channel swarm From: "Marchal van Lare" vanlare@............. Date: Mon, 4 May 2009 19:37:04 +0200 Hi, I have some 'suspect' signals; but the noise level was a little to high, = but you can see the events on = http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html and check out the = new station Elsham (short period channel). Marchal ----- Original Message -----=20 From: tchannel=20 To: psn-l@................. Sent: Sunday, May 03, 2009 12:38 AM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm Thank You Chris, Ted ----- Original Message -----=20 From: ChrisAtUpw@.......... To: psn-l@................. Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 4:10 PM Subject: Re: English Channel swarm In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes: If so can you tell where we could download the data files? Thanks, Ted Channel Hi Ted, You can get broad band drumplots for the last 10 days at = http://www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html but I don't see = much which looks significant. The nearest station is JSA in the Channel = Islands. I would expect local events to show up on the 3 to 8 second = short period traces. Note that these are VERY small quakes!=20 Regards, Chris Chapman

Hi,

I have some 'suspect' signals; but the noise level was a little to = high,=20 but you can see the events on http://www= ..earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html and=20 check out the new station Elsham (short period channel).

Marchal

----- Original Message -----
From:=20 tchannel

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Sunday, May 03, 2009 = 12:38 AM

Subject: Re: English Channel = swarm

Thank You Chris,

Ted

----- Original Message -----
From:=20 ChrisAtUpw@.......
To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Saturday, May 02, 2009 = 4:10=20 PM

Subject: Re: English Channel=20 swarm

In a message dated 02/05/2009, tchannel@............ = writes:
If=20 so can you tell where we could download the data files?
Thanks, = Ted=20 Channel

Hi Ted,

You can get broad band drumplots for = the last=20 10 days at http://www= ..earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/helicorder/heli.html but=20 I don't see much which looks significant. The nearest station is = JSA in=20 the Channel Islands. I would expect local events to show up on = the 3=20 to 8 second short period traces. Note that these are VERY small = quakes!=20

Regards,

Chris=20 Chapman

Subject: Re: New Lehman seismometer pivots From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Mon, 04 May 2009 19:24:43 +0000 Hi all The reason for having the coil on the boom is noise related. This setting appearly elimiates the extra noise if the magnet is on the boom. Here are new pictures of latest changes to my lehman seismomter. http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5040001.jpg.html http://www.jonfr.com/myndir/v/geology/lehman/p5040003.jpg.html Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On lau, 2009-05-02 at 06:17 -0700, Robert O. Green wrote: > Dave, >=20 > Is there are reason to have the coil on the boom? Wouldn't these issues=20 > be eliminated if the coil was on the base plate and the magnet was on=20 > the boom? >=20 > Rob >=20 >=20 > Dave Nelson wrote: > > Jon, > > As I told you several weeks ago and Bob McClure said within=20 > > the last > > couple of days ..... > > *"DO SOMETHING ABOUT THE WIRE LEAD TO THE COIL!!! *You cannot just > > leave it hanging loose from the boom. Cut it near the lower pivot, > > secure it to the boom, and join it with coils of fine copper wire to > > terminals on the frame. The terminals should be located as near to the > > lower pivot as possible." > > > > Jon.... You *MUST* do this you, will *NEVER* achieve long period, free=20 > > motion of the > > arm until you get this sorted out. It is absolutely essential to get=20 > > rid of that huge > > thick cable coming off the pivot end of the boom, it will be totally=20 > > destroying any > > attempt you make to try to get any decent sort of period from the=20 > > seismometer. > > Until you change that, almost anything else you do to the unit will be=20 > > worthless. > > see how it is done on this commercial long period seismo that I and=20 > > others are/have used ..... www.sydneystormcity.com/990605-013a.jpg=20 > > > > > > you can see that in this case there are 2 pair of cables coming along=20 > > the boom > > ( there are 2 pickup coils on this seismo) they are terminated then=20 > > VERY fine wire connects them to terminals on the vertical part of the=20 > > frame. Use 26 - 30 swg enamelled wire ( the finer the better). and=20 > > also use finer cable between the pickup coil and the terminal point =20 > > that that thick cable you are currently using. > > > > cheers > > Dave Nelson > > Sydney > > Australia > > > > > > > > At 01:58 PM 5/1/2009 +0000, you wrote: > >> Hi > >> I am still unable to get the sensor frequancy below 0.4Hz. But this > >> design is a lot more flexable then the last one I used. > >> > >> After the weekend I am going to do one more change. I plan to change t= he > >> setting of the arm. So it has not such sharp angle, but I belive that = is > >> hampering my effort in getting the frequancy below 0.4Hz, as sharp ang= le > >> means faster movement of the arm. > >> > >> Regards. > >> J=F3n Fr=EDmann. > > -----------------------------------------------------------------------= - > > > > > > Internal Virus Database is out of date. > > Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com > > Version: 8.0.176 / Virus Database: 270.12.3/2075 - Release Date: 4/22/2= 009 5:25 PM > > > > =20 >=20 > __________________________________________________________ >=20 > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) >=20 > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with=20 > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: 6.1M Guatemala From: rbenitez@........ Date: Mon, 4 May 2009 13:50:40 -0500 (CDT) > Hello Rolando Benitez, If you have time, would you tell the group about > your experience. > > Thanks, Ted Hello Ted, Here is a fragment of an email I sent few hours after the quake. I am just reading your msg today monday, after several days out of the country. We have had several strong quakes in the recent weeks, sometimes a lesser magnitude event is felt stronger when it is closer and shallower that the one of sunday morning, I say this because 6 hours before the M6.1 we had a M4 but at 12km deep and at about 6 miles away... it rattled everything but for a shorter time. Here is the edited comment: "The story begun last midnight. I just came home from a hospital check in Florida at about 0300 UTC. At exactly 0600 UTC we had a very strong movement but short in duration. I was not in the mood to check it in the computer at that very time, but it called every one's attention. This morning while I was checking the data logger pc and calculating the P and S locations in the trace of the midnight event, all of the sudden I felt a very strong vertical movement that lasted some seconds followed by an even stronger rocking movement. At this time every piece of glass at home was rattling, some books fell down from the shelves and the alarm in the cars went off. This event felt like it lasted forever. As I was in front of the datalogger, I were able to "watch" the event in real time. It begun with no previous warning or precursors and had just one small aftershock. The P and S arrivals were very clearly felt and differentiated. Rayleigh and Love waves also were felt, they had a slower rocking movement. The event was sensible for over 5 minutes, the sensors kept on moving for over 20 minutes. The traces in the pc were totally saturated, the sensors were literally moving from stop to stop for a while. An interesting and scary experience to say the least. So far there has been reports of some damages in the area near the epicenter, some injured but no casualties so far. An active volcano (Santiaguito), near the epicenter started to erupt violently just at the time of the quake and it still is abnormally exacerbating erupting. Others Like the Pacaya volcano and Fuego volcano start erupting also but with lesser intensity. They all are in the epicenter vicinity. If we could predict the earthquakes, I am sure these could be a very interesting ones to call for a seismologists meeting, I can bet nobody would get boring." Well hope this help to spoil your curiosity on learning more about living in quake territory, or to mitigate your wanting to know. Best regards, Rolando PS My postings are in the PSN web page. We have had several dozens of aftershocks since the major one... __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: 6.1M Guatemala From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Mon, 4 May 2009 14:04:26 -0600 Rolando, Thank you. Ted ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Sent: Monday, May 04, 2009 12:50 PM Subject: Re: 6.1M Guatemala >> Hello Rolando Benitez, If you have time, would you tell the group about >> your experience. >> >> Thanks, Ted > > Hello Ted, > Here is a fragment of an email I sent few hours after the quake. I am just > reading your msg today monday, after several days out of the country. > > We have had several strong quakes in the recent weeks, sometimes a lesser > magnitude event is felt stronger when it is closer and shallower that the > one of sunday morning, I say this because 6 hours before the M6.1 we had a > M4 but at 12km deep and at about 6 miles away... it rattled everything > but for a shorter time. Here is the edited comment: > > "The story begun last midnight. I just came home from a hospital check in > Florida at about 0300 UTC. At exactly 0600 UTC we had a very strong > movement but short in duration. I was not in the mood to check it in the > computer at that very time, but it called every one's attention. This > morning while I was checking the data logger pc and calculating the P and > S locations in the trace of the midnight event, all of the sudden I felt a > very strong vertical movement that lasted some seconds followed by an even > stronger rocking movement. At this time every piece of glass at home was > rattling, some books fell down from the shelves and the alarm in the cars > went off. This event felt like it lasted forever. > > As I was in front of the datalogger, I were able to "watch" the event in > real time. It begun with no previous warning or precursors and had just > one small aftershock. The P and S arrivals were very clearly felt and > differentiated. Rayleigh and Love waves also were felt, they had a slower > rocking movement. The event was sensible for over 5 minutes, the sensors > kept on moving for over 20 minutes. The traces in the pc were totally > saturated, the sensors were literally moving from stop to stop for a > while. An interesting and scary experience to say the least. > > So far there has been reports of some damages in the area near the > epicenter, some injured but no casualties so far. > > An active volcano (Santiaguito), near the epicenter started to erupt > violently just at the time of the quake and it still is abnormally > exacerbating erupting. Others Like the Pacaya volcano and Fuego volcano > start erupting also but with lesser intensity. They all are in the > epicenter vicinity. > > If we could predict the earthquakes, I am sure these could be a very > interesting ones to call for a seismologists meeting, I can bet nobody > would get boring." > > Well hope this help to spoil your curiosity on learning more about living > in quake territory, or to mitigate your wanting to know. > Best regards, > Rolando > > PS > My postings are in the PSN web page. We have had several dozens of > aftershocks since the major one... > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: No data from the lehman seismomter From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Mon, 04 May 2009 21:45:59 +0000 Hi all For some reason, the coil did go silent on me. I have no idea what is wrong, I have tried to change about wire and other things that might create this issue. But nothing has worked, and I am out of ideas. The boom swings correctly and everything else is working as it should be, but no data from the coil. Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: No data from the lehman seismomter From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Mon, 4 May 2009 16:34:04 -0600 Hi Jon, I have a Lehman which gave me the same problem, it was a bad connector, it simply was not making contact. Ted ----- Original Message ----- From: "J�n Fr�mann" To: "PSN-Postlist" Sent: Monday, May 04, 2009 3:45 PM Subject: No data from the lehman seismomter Hi all For some reason, the coil did go silent on me. I have no idea what is wrong, I have tried to change about wire and other things that might create this issue. But nothing has worked, and I am out of ideas. The boom swings correctly and everything else is working as it should be, but no data from the coil. Regards. -- J�n Fr�mann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: No data from the lehman seismomter From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Mon, 04 May 2009 23:15:29 +0000 Hi This is not the cable. This appears to be the coil. I have tried to fix it, but it doesn't appear to work. This happens when I just got my lehman seismomter to work as it should have. It now has a period of ~5 seconds with out special setup (0.2Hz). I don't know what did happen, this just stopped working. :-( Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On m=E1n, 2009-05-04 at 16:34 -0600, tchannel wrote: > Hi Jon, I have a Lehman which gave me the same problem, it was a bad=20 > connector, it simply was not making contact. > Ted > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Monday, May 04, 2009 3:45 PM > Subject: No data from the lehman seismomter >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > For some reason, the coil did go silent on me. I have no idea what is > wrong, I have tried to change about wire and other things that might > create this issue. >=20 > But nothing has worked, and I am out of ideas. The boom swings correctly > and everything else is working as it should be, but no data from the > coil. >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: No data from the lehman seismomter From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Tue, 05 May 2009 18:33:19 +1000 Jon well its about time you listened to all the good advice that you have=20 been given over the last couple of weeks like these then maybe it will work for you 1) Get the seismo on to solid ground ... no lino, carpet or any other=20 floor covering under it 2) get rid of that thick wire from the boom to the electronics 3) change the dampening vane to aluminium instead of steel/iron just to name 3 of the major faults with the seismo that have already been= =20 talked about :) then you may start having some successes cheers Dave N Sydney Oz At 09:45 PM 5/4/2009 +0000, you wrote: >Hi all > >For some reason, the coil did go silent on me. I have no idea what is >wrong, I have tried to change about wire and other things that might >create this issue. > >But nothing has worked, and I am out of ideas. The boom swings correctly >and everything else is working as it should be, but no data from the >coil. > >Regards. >-- >J=F3n Fr=EDmann > >http://www.jonfr.com > >__________________________________________________________ > >Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > >To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with >the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe >See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > >No virus found in this incoming message. >Checked by AVG - www.avg.com >Version: 8.5.325 / Virus Database: 270.12.16/2094 - Release Date: 05/03/09= =20 >16:51:00 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: No data from the lehman seismomter From: Dave Nelson dave.nelson@............... Date: Tue, 05 May 2009 18:36:20 +1000 Jon, also check the continuity of the cable to and including the coil the coil should have 1000 or so turns on it of fine wire, I would=20 expect a resistance of maybe 1 to 3 ohms Dave At 11:15 PM 5/4/2009 +0000, you wrote: >Hi > >This is not the cable. This appears to be the coil. I have tried to fix >it, but it doesn't appear to work. > >This happens when I just got my lehman seismomter to work as it should >have. It now has a period of ~5 seconds with out special setup (0.2Hz). > >I don't know what did happen, this just stopped working. :-( > >Regards. >J=F3n Fr=EDmann. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 08:14:45 -0700 This sounds like a good idear too. What kind of ink should I get and from where should I obtain it? -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of Barry Lotz Sent: Monday, April 27, 2009 7:38 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 Kareem Someone told me years ago to add a little glycerin to the ink to increase the ink drying time and prevent clogging. I haven't tried it. Regards Barry --- On Sun, 4/26/09, Kareem Lanier wrote: From: Kareem Lanier Subject: RE: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 To: psn-l@.............. Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 7:58 AM Thanks for your replies.. I would love to get the cleaning fluid and wire. Where would one find such materials? What's "OD?" -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of ChrisAtUpw@....... Sent: Saturday, April 25, 2009 11:03 AM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Pen needed for Kinemetrics PS2 In a message dated 25/04/2009, system98765@............. writes: IT's a kinemetrics PS2 system and I need a new pen for it. I can't seem to get a new pen from any viable sources. The manufacturer wants to charge an enormous amount of money. I wasn't sure if anyone knew how to make one or point me in that direction. It just looks like a metal tube (very, very small) that has a bend in it so that makes contact with the paper. Hi Kareem, What is the matter with your existing pen? You can buy a special cleaning fluid for capillary pens. You can also buy fine wire for cleaning out small tubes. I usually use fine piano wire or hard Nichrome wire, ground to a diagonal knife end. If you have a problem in getting cleaning fluid, look for paint stripper fluid containing Methylene Chloride. I can buy very small bore SS tube quite easily. What is the OD of your existing tube? Regards, Chris Chapman __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Question From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 11:26:11 -0600 Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there = anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the = other day, that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the = beginning. This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I = know you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut = them out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file editor? Thanks, Ted

Hi Folks, I have a question = about a=20 ..psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted spike = from a=20 data file. I had a .psn the other day, that looked very nice = except=20 for a large noise spike at the beginning.

This noise was just someone walking = around, or a=20 door opening etc.

It would have nice to be able to edit = that out and=20 save the change. I know you can filter these out to some degree, but is = there a=20 way to cut them out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound = file=20 editor?

Thanks, Ted

Subject: RE: 6.1M Guatemala From: "Kareem Lanier" system98765@............. Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 10:29:47 -0700 This description of these quakes made me think about the various sensations experienced during different earthquakes I have felt over the years. I have often wondered whether one could distinguish between the arrival of the P and S waves as they arrive at your location during an event. I've spent a great deal of time listening to eyewitness accounts of quakes and usually determined how large and the location by having listened to them. I am also very aware that the structure and soil conditions can determine the intensity, sharpness, etc. I will recall several quakes I have felt in the past: A) 1989, Loma Prieta quake, ~70 miles away, M7.1: Very long, rolling, gentle, swaying motion. It seemed it moved in the floor in 1.5-2' feet in circular directions which was astonishing to me. There was absolutely no shaking, no sharpness nor hardness about it. It was very long but in all, this earthquake really did not shake at all. Also to note, there seemed to be no noise (rumbling, roaring, etc.) other than car alarms I heard before the floor began to move. 20-30 seconds or so. B) 1991, moderate event, ~15 miles away, M4.5: This felt like a "true" quake. House suddenly began quivering, built slightly in the side-to-side movement than slowly faded off. Probably a few inches of horizontal motion. No rolling, no swaying recalled. Also, there was no initial jolt or motion often described to a Mack truck hitting the building. The only noise I heard was the sound of the house. 5-10 seconds C) Moderate/strong event, ~25-30 miles away, M5.0: Awakened to the quivering motion. There may have been an initial boom or "sudden Mack truck hitting" motion since my quake alarm was sounding. The quake alarm will only be triggered by a sudden shock motion and not by shaking. The quivering seemed to be happening simultaneously with the gentle swaying or rolling (as if my apartment unit were on a turntable and that turntable was moving about half a foot or so in various directions but slowly, all while the turntable was being shaken.) Seemed more horizontal motion than anything else. First quake, where I could actually hear slight rumble plus the structure noise. 10-20 seconds duration. First quake, I actually watched occur on the seismograph as I was feeling it. The pen was maxing out for about two minutes via L4, vertical geophone. D) Small event, half a mile or less away from epicenter, M2.8: This was interesting. There seemed to be two parts to this event. First, there was one, single, quick motion of which the direction couldn't be determined because of its "quickness". This was just like a Mack truck hitting the house or as if everyone slammed the doors all at once. This part of the quake was the same duration of a sneeze. It was followed by the rolling/swaying motion that slowly faded off. The only noise heard was when the first "boom" part of the quake occurred. This quake actually spooked me in that it was all of a sudden and out of the blue. E) Small event, half a mile or less, M3.0: This was as if my neighbor slammed something big against the wall. In fact, I thought it came from my closet door, so in a sense I could ascertain a direction. And that was it. Just one single motion and noise. I just wanted to get your comments on the event descriptions and see if P, S, or any of the surface waves are illustrated here. Any other additional comments welcomed... Kareem -----Original Message----- From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... On Behalf Of tchannel Sent: Monday, May 04, 2009 1:04 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: 6.1M Guatemala Rolando, Thank you. Ted ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Sent: Monday, May 04, 2009 12:50 PM Subject: Re: 6.1M Guatemala >> Hello Rolando Benitez, If you have time, would you tell the group about >> your experience. >> >> Thanks, Ted > > Hello Ted, > Here is a fragment of an email I sent few hours after the quake. I am just > reading your msg today monday, after several days out of the country. > > We have had several strong quakes in the recent weeks, sometimes a lesser > magnitude event is felt stronger when it is closer and shallower that the > one of sunday morning, I say this because 6 hours before the M6.1 we had a > M4 but at 12km deep and at about 6 miles away... it rattled everything > but for a shorter time. Here is the edited comment: > > "The story begun last midnight. I just came home from a hospital check in > Florida at about 0300 UTC. At exactly 0600 UTC we had a very strong > movement but short in duration. I was not in the mood to check it in the > computer at that very time, but it called every one's attention. This > morning while I was checking the data logger pc and calculating the P and > S locations in the trace of the midnight event, all of the sudden I felt a > very strong vertical movement that lasted some seconds followed by an even > stronger rocking movement. At this time every piece of glass at home was > rattling, some books fell down from the shelves and the alarm in the cars > went off. This event felt like it lasted forever. > > As I was in front of the datalogger, I were able to "watch" the event in > real time. It begun with no previous warning or precursors and had just > one small aftershock. The P and S arrivals were very clearly felt and > differentiated. Rayleigh and Love waves also were felt, they had a slower > rocking movement. The event was sensible for over 5 minutes, the sensors > kept on moving for over 20 minutes. The traces in the pc were totally > saturated, the sensors were literally moving from stop to stop for a > while. An interesting and scary experience to say the least. > > So far there has been reports of some damages in the area near the > epicenter, some injured but no casualties so far. > > An active volcano (Santiaguito), near the epicenter started to erupt > violently just at the time of the quake and it still is abnormally > exacerbating erupting. Others Like the Pacaya volcano and Fuego volcano > start erupting also but with lesser intensity. They all are in the > epicenter vicinity. > > If we could predict the earthquakes, I am sure these could be a very > interesting ones to call for a seismologists meeting, I can bet nobody > would get boring." > > Well hope this help to spoil your curiosity on learning more about living > in quake territory, or to mitigate your wanting to know. > Best regards, > Rolando > > PS > My postings are in the PSN web page. We have had several dozens of > aftershocks since the major one... > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Question From: Bob Hancock icarus@......... Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 11:16:34 -0700 Ted - As you said it is a noise spike. In that case you might be able to filter it out with selective flittering such as a notch or bandpass filter. Larry has placed multiple filtering options in WinQuake. I have had some limited success in removing spikes. The problem is how much filtering to apply. This is a trail and error process and depends upon the event and distance. Closer events have generally higher frequencies than teleseismic event. Again, a process of trail and error at best. Maybe someone has a process that works, but I am unaware of any method other than filtering out the frequency of the spike and hopefully not distorting the rest of the seismogram. Bob Hancock On May 5, 2009, at 10:26 AM, tchannel wrote: > Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there > anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn > the other day, that looked very nice except for a large noise spike > at the beginning. > This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. > > It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. > I know you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way > to cut them out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound > file editor? > > > Thanks, Ted

Ted = -

As you said it is a noise spike. In = that case you might be able to filter it out with = selective flittering such as a notch or bandpass filter. = Larry has placed multiple filtering options in WinQuake. I = have had some limited success in removing spikes. The problem is = how much filtering to apply. This is a trail and error process and = depends upon the event and distance. Closer events have generally = higher frequencies than teleseismic event. Again, a process of = trail and error at = best.

Maybe someone has a process = that works, but I am unaware of any method other than filtering out the = frequency of the spike and hopefully not distorting the rest = of the seismogram.

Bob = Hancock

On May 5, 2009, at 10:26 AM, = tchannel wrote:

Hi Folks, I have a question about = a .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted = spike from a data file. I had a .psn the other day, that = looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the = beginning.
This noise = was just someone walking around, or a door opening = etc.

It = would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I know = you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut them = out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file = editor?

Thanks, = Ted

= Subject: Re: Glitch Question From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 14:29:26 EDT In a message dated 05/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes: Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the other day, that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the beginning. This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. Hi Ted, Bob, Can you simply highlight and then extract the 'good' part of the trace, minus the glitch? AmaSeis has a glitch removal filter that can be selected. It has a 'Median' filter in 'Control' which gets rid of most spikes - this looks at the mean value and chucks out 'obviously' incorrect readings. It also allows you to re-extract part of an extracted trace. It has the usual HP and LP filters. Winquake seems to have only the LP and HP filters. I don't know of any filters similar to the Glitch removal or Median filters in AmaSeis. It would be useful to be able to re-extract part of an extracted trace. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 05/05/2009, tchannel@............ writes:

Hi Folks, I have a question= about a .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data= file. I had a .psn the other day, that looked very nice except for a large noi= se spike at the beginning.

This noise was just someone walking aro= und, or a door opening etc.

Hi Ted, Bob,

Can you simply highlight and then extract the= 'good' part of the trace, minus the glitch?

AmaSeis has a glitch removal filter that can= be selected. It has a 'Median' filter in 'Control' which gets rid of most spikes - this looks at the mean value and chucks out 'obviously'= incorrect readings. It also allows you to re-extract part of an extracted= trace. It has the usual HP and LP filters.

Winquake seems to have only the LP and HP fil= ters. I don't know of any filters similar to the Glitch removal or Median filter= s in AmaSeis. It would be useful to be able to re-extract part of an extra= cted trace.

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: Glitch Question From: Bob Hancock icarus@......... Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 11:44:38 -0700 Chris - That is interesting. I have never used AmaSeiz, and was unaware of the Glitch Filter with AmaSeiz. Bob Hancock On May 5, 2009, at 11:29 AM, ChrisAtUpw@....... wrote: >

Chris -

That is interesting. I have never used AmaSeiz, and was unaware of the Glitch Filter with AmaSeiz.

Bob Hancock

On May 5, 2009, at 11:29 AM, ChrisAtUpw@aol.com wrote:

Subject: Re: Question From: rbenitez@........ Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 12:46:25 -0500 (CDT) > Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway > to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the other day, > that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the beginning. > This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. > > It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I know > you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut them > out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file editor? > > > Thanks, Ted Hello Ted, There is a way to edit a psn or sac file with your sound file editor. Sometimes I have had exactly what your described: noises from someone walking around. What I have done is open your psn or sac file with Winquake and then save your file in psn text format, then with a text editor like Windows wordpad, -notepad does not work- remove the text header in the file, then you can load this file in the sound file editor, -I have used CoolEdit Pro, which now is an Adobe product-, you can display the tracing and zoom in down to sample level, you can modified the amplitude of the unwanted peaks, as well as filtering, etc. After you have edited your wave, you have to save it and open it again with the text editor and add at the top the before removed header text, save it again. Now you can open it with WinQuake and save it again as .psn or .sac. While in the audio editor you can play the wave and have an idea of what the quake would sound like if it were in a higher frequency... I have done this with audio from quakes, radio telescopes and ULF monitoring. Once it is a wave there is ways to work with them... Hope this helps. Regards, Rolando __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Lehman damping From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Tue, 05 May 2009 22:52:04 +0000 Hi all I was told to move the damping plate and the magnets 90=B0 from where they currently are, so the movement would be in the same direction as the arm moves. Can anyone explain to me why that is better ? Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Question From: "Dale Hardy" photon1@........... Date: Wed, 6 May 2009 09:29:46 +1000 Hi Ted, If you are using WinSDR you can use File> Replay=20 select the channel and time including the time span click Start> in the replayed window click a point after after your 'glitch' and File> Zero Data Then repeat the process of Replay> select the window and = open Winquake does that help ? ----- Original Message -----=20 From: tchannel=20 To: psn=20 Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 3:26 AM Subject: Question Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there = anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the = other day, that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the = beginning. This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I = know you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut = them out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file editor? Thanks, Ted -------------------------------------------------------------------------= ----- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com=20 Version: 8.5.287 / Virus Database: 270.12.18/2096 - Release Date: = 05/04/09 17:51:00

Hi Ted,

If you are using WinSDR you can = use

File> Replay

select the channel and time including = the time=20 span

click Start>

in the replayed window click a = point after=20 after your 'glitch' and

File> Zero Data

Then repeat the process of = Replay> select=20 the <Save Event> window and open Winquake

does that help ?

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 tchannel

To: psn

Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 = 3:26=20 AM

Subject: Question

Hi Folks, I have a = question about a=20 .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted = spike from=20 a data file. I had a .psn the other day, that looked very = nice=20 except for a large noise spike at the beginning.

This noise was just someone walking = around, or a=20 door opening etc.

It would have nice to be able to edit = that out=20 and save the change. I know you can filter these out to some degree, = but is=20 there a way to cut them out like one would do with a .wav file, using = a sound=20 file editor?

Thanks, Ted

No virus found in this incoming message.
Checked by AVG = -=20 www.avg.com
Version: 8.5.287 / Virus Database: 270.12.18/2096 - = Release=20 Date: 05/04/09 17:51:00
Subject: Re: Question From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Tue, 5 May 2009 18:30:30 -0600 Hi Folks, Thanks for several ideas. I am using AmaSeis on one machine = and WinSDR on the others, so I though I would try these various ideas on = both. I found one simple way to remove a single spike. It was pointed out I = could save the winquake file as a .txt, open it in a word editing = program, look for the offending spike, now as numbers and replace them = with zero, or use adjacent numbers. Here is an example, I had a nice .psn file, 3/4 of the way through it I had a large spike, = obvious just a spike of noise. I saved the .psn as a .txt, opened it in = Word. Now I have a list of 2500 numbers, I scrolled down the list of = number until I was about 3/4 of the way down. In that area I saw = numbers in the 10 -20 30 -40 small numbers like that. In this area I = found three or four numbers in the 100's. These were the spike, I = replaced all four numbers with zeros, save the file. Reopened it in = Winquake and the spike was gone. This may not the best way to do it, perhaps, but it was very simple, and = it worked on those one or two offending spikes. Thanks, Ted ----- Original Message -----=20 From: Dale Hardy=20 To: psn-l@................. Sent: Tuesday, May 05, 2009 5:29 PM Subject: Re: Question Hi Ted, If you are using WinSDR you can use File> Replay=20 select the channel and time including the time span click Start> in the replayed window click a point after after your 'glitch' and File> Zero Data Then repeat the process of Replay> select the window and = open Winquake does that help ? ----- Original Message -----=20 From: tchannel=20 To: psn=20 Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 3:26 AM Subject: Question Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there = anyway to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the = other day, that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the = beginning. This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. = I know you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to = cut them out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file = editor? Thanks, Ted -------------------------------------------------------------------------= --- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com=20 Version: 8.5.287 / Virus Database: 270.12.18/2096 - Release Date: = 05/04/09 17:51:00

Hi Folks, Thanks for several=20 ideas. I am using AmaSeis on one machine and WinSDR on the = others,=20 so I though I would try these various ideas on both.

I found one simple way to remove a = single=20 spike. It was pointed out I could save the winquake file as = a .txt,=20 open it in a word editing program, look for the offending spike, now as = numbers=20 and replace them with zero, or use adjacent numbers.

Here is an example,

I had a nice .psn file, 3/4 of the way = through it I=20 had a large spike, obvious just a spike of noise. I saved the .psn = as a=20 ..txt, opened it in Word. Now I have a list of 2500 = numbers, I=20 scrolled down the list of number until I was about 3/4 of the way=20 down. In that area I saw numbers in the 10 -20 30 -40 small = numbers=20 like that. In this area I found three or four numbers in the=20 100's. These were the spike, I replaced all four numbers = with zeros,=20 save the file. Reopened it in Winquake and the spike was=20 gone.

This may not the best way to do = it, perhaps,=20 but it was very simple, and it worked on those one or two offending=20 spikes.

Thanks, Ted

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 Dale Hardy=20

To: psn-l@..............

Sent: Tuesday, May 05, 2009 = 5:29 PM

Subject: Re: Question

Hi Ted,

If you are using WinSDR you can = use

File> Replay

select the channel and time including = the time=20 span

click Start>

in the replayed window click a = point after=20 after your 'glitch' and

File> Zero Data

Then repeat the process of = Replay> select=20 the <Save Event> window and open Winquake

does that help ?

----- Original Message -----

From:=20 tchannel

To: psn

Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 = 3:26=20 AM

Subject: Question

Hi Folks, I have a = question about a=20 .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway to edit an unwanted = spike=20 from a data file. I had a .psn the other day, that = looked very=20 nice except for a large noise spike at the beginning.

This noise was just someone walking = around, or=20 a door opening etc.

It would have nice to be able to = edit that out=20 and save the change. I know you can filter these out to some degree, = but is=20 there a way to cut them out like one would do with a .wav file, = using a=20 sound file editor?

Thanks, Ted

No virus found in this incoming message.
Checked by = AVG -=20 www.avg.com
Version: 8.5.287 / Virus Database: 270.12.18/2096 - = Release=20 Date: 05/04/09 17:51:00
Subject: Re: Lehman damping From: Robert McClure bobmcclure90@......... Date: Wed, 6 May 2009 16:20:24 -0400 Hi J=F3n I advised you to rotate the damping vane 90 degrees. I said nothing about the magnet. It is difficult to make anything clear to you, especially without pictures, but I will try. I assume that you are using a four-pole magnet assembly, having two steel plates and a pair of side-by-side Neodymium block magnets of opposite polarity on each plate. The steel plates are held apart with bolts so that an air gap exists between the pair of magnets on the top plate and the pair on the bottom plates. The plates are oriented in the direction that gives strong attraction accross the gap. The "cracks" between the pairs of block magnets should always be perpendicular to the direction of motion of the damping vane. The damping vane should be made of thick copper sheet (or a stack of thinner sheets) and rectangular in shape. Its width should be appreciably greater than the width spanned by the magnet field generated in the magnet assembly. The vane should be mounted below the boom, with its long dimension parallel to the boom. The amount of damping achieved by the penetration of the vane into the magnet gap is then controlled by the longitudinal position of the magnet. Less damping is achieved by moving the magnet so that it covers less of the vane. Maximum damping occurs when the vane penetrates the entire gap. When you set up the vane to enter the magnet assembly from the side rather than from an end, you do not have the ability to adjust damping because the damping is then a nonlinear function of depth of penetration into the magnet. Never use such a configuration. You could always elect to mount the damping vane perpendicular to the boom, with the long dimension vertical. In this case, the magnet and its "cracks" are vertical, and the magnet assembly is moved up-and-down to adjust damping. The reason for making the vane wider than the field is this: pure copper is slightly diamagnetic, and impure copper can even be paramagnetic. Aluminum can be used, but it is paramagnetic. A narrow vane is thus subject to magnetic forces from fringe fields inside the magnet. Making the vane wider than the fringe fields keeps the edges of the vane outside the fringe fields and minimizes such forces. Bob On 5/5/09, J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: > Hi all > > I was told to move the damping plate and the magnets 90=B0 from where the= y > currently are, so the movement would be in the same direction as the arm > moves. > > Can anyone explain to me why that is better ? > > Regards. > -- > J=F3n Fr=EDmann > > http://www.jonfr.com > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Thu, 07 May 2009 02:54:35 +0000 Hi all Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period at most. The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or up ? Or do I have to do something else. Regards. --=20 J=F3n Fr=EDmann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: "Dale Hardy" photon1@........... Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 17:18:26 +1000 Hi Jon, The "TILT" of your seismometer will determine the period. A good reference article can be found here http://jclahr.com/science/psn/swing/index.html regards Dale ----- Original Message ----- From: "J�n Fr�mann" To: "PSN-Postlist" Sent: Thursday, May 07, 2009 12:54 PM Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? Hi all Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period at most. The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or up ? Or do I have to do something else. Regards. -- J�n Fr�mann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.287 / Virus Database: 270.12.21/2101 - Release Date: 05/06/09 17:58:00 __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Question From: Barry Lotz barry_lotz@............. Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 05:26:24 -0700 (PDT) Hi Audacity also has a way to zero between or before/after selected points of a wave file. Barry. --- On Tue, 5/5/09, rbenitez@........ wrote: From: rbenitez@........ Subject: Re: Question To: psn-l@.............. Date: Tuesday, May 5, 2009, 10:46 AM > Hi Folks, I have a question about a .psn file or .sac. Is there anyway > to edit an unwanted spike from a data file. I had a .psn the other day, > that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the beginning. > This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc. > > It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I know > you can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut them > out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file editor? > > > Thanks, Ted Hello Ted, There is a way to edit a psn or sac file with your sound file editor. Sometimes I have had exactly what your described: noises from someone walking around. What I have done is open your psn or sac file with Winquake and then save your file in psn text format, then with a text editor like Windows wordpad, -notepad does not work- remove the text header in the file, then you can load this file in the sound file editor, -I have used CoolEdit Pro, which now is an Adobe product-, you can display the tracing and zoom in down to sample level, you can modified the amplitude of the unwanted peaks, as well as filtering, etc. After you have edited your wave, you have to save it and open it again with the text editor and add at the top the before removed header text, save it again. Now you can open it with WinQuake and save it again as .psn or .sac. While in the audio editor you can play the wave and have an idea of what the quake would sound like if it were in a higher frequency... I have done this with audio from quakes, radio telescopes and ULF monitoring. Once it is a wave there is ways to work with them... Hope this helps. Regards, Rolando __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

Hi
Audacity also has a way to zero between or before/after selected points of a wave file.
Barry.

--- On Tue, 5/5/09, rbenitez@........ <rbenitez@........> wrote:

From: rbenitez@........ <rbenitez@........>
Subject: Re: Question
To: psn-l@..............
Date: Tuesday, May 5, 2009, 10:46 AM

> Hi Folks,   I have a question about a .psn file or .sac.   Is there anyway
> to edit an unwanted spike from a data file.   I had a .psn the other day,
> that looked very nice except for a large noise spike at the beginning.
> This noise was just someone walking around, or a door opening etc.
>
> It would have nice to be able to edit that out and save the change. I know
> you
 can filter these out to some degree, but is there a way to cut them
> out like one would do with a .wav file, using a sound file editor?
>
>
> Thanks, Ted

Hello Ted,
There is a way to edit a psn or sac file with your sound file editor.
Sometimes I have had exactly what your described: noises from someone
walking around. What I have done is open your psn or sac file with
Winquake and then save your file in psn text format, then with a text
editor like Windows wordpad, -notepad does not work- remove the text
header in the file, then you can load this file in the sound file editor,
-I have used CoolEdit Pro, which now is an Adobe product-, you can display
the tracing and zoom in down to sample level, you can modified the
amplitude of the unwanted peaks, as well as filtering, etc. After you have
edited your wave, you have to save it and open it again with the text
editor and add at the top the
 before removed header text, save it again.
Now you can open it with WinQuake and save it again as .psn or .sac. While
in the audio editor you can play the wave and have an idea of what the
quake would sound like if it were in a higher frequency...

I have done this with audio from quakes, radio telescopes and ULF
monitoring. Once it is a wave there is ways to work with them...

Hope this helps.
Regards,
Rolando

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Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

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See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information.

Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 06:14:52 -0700 Isn't setting this period just a matter of positioning the lever arm as close to level as possible and still able to get it to seek a zero point reliably ? There should be a point where gravity will fail to overcome friction. That will be the limiting factor in how long a free period you may achieve. ----- Original Message ----- From: "J�n Fr�mann" To: "PSN-Postlist" Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? Hi all Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period at most. The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or up ? Or do I have to do something else. Regards. -- J�n Fr�mann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: "tchannel" tchannel@............ Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 07:38:06 -0600 Hi Geoffrey, I like the way you word this. Thanks, Ted ----- Original Message ----- From: "Geoffrey" To: Sent: Thursday, May 07, 2009 7:14 AM Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? > Isn't setting this period just a matter of > positioning the lever arm as close to > level as possible and still able to > get it to seek a zero point reliably ? > > There should be a point where gravity will > fail to overcome friction. > That will be the limiting factor > in how long a free period you may achieve. > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "J�n Fr�mann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? > > > Hi all > > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period > at most. > > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. > > Regards. > -- > J�n Fr�mann > > http://www.jonfr.com > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with > the body of the message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. > > __________________________________________________________ > > Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) > > To leave this list email PSN-L-REQUEST@.............. with the body of the > message (first line only): unsubscribe > See http://www.seismicnet.com/maillist.html for more information. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Thu, 07 May 2009 20:30:54 +0000 Hi Thanks for the artical. I ran into small problem, that I have to fix tomorrow. But the arm that I was trying to use always fell off because of it's waight. So i did switch to the aluminum one. Using that arm now gives me 5 seconds easy and clear signal. However, the signal is at intrestingly narrow band, I am unsure why that is. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On fim, 2009-05-07 at 17:18 +1000, Dale Hardy wrote: > Hi Jon, > The "TILT" of your seismometer will determine the period. > A good reference article can be found here >=20 > http://jclahr.com/science/psn/swing/index.html >=20 > regards > Dale >=20 > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Thursday, May 07, 2009 12:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period > at most. >=20 > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Thu, 07 May 2009 22:35:03 +0000 Hi I did fix the issue that I was having, so I am ready to configure my lehman sensor to maximum period that I can find. It currently is at 5 seconds.=20 Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On fim, 2009-05-07 at 06:14 -0700, Geoffrey wrote: > Isn't setting this period just a matter of > positioning the lever arm as close to > level as possible and still able to > get it to seek a zero point reliably ? >=20 > There should be a point where gravity will > fail to overcome friction. > That will be the limiting factor > in how long a free period you may achieve. >=20 > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period > at most. >=20 > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Setting the period of a Lehman From: ChrisAtUpw@....... Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 19:47:05 EDT In a message dated 07/05/2009, jonfr@......... writes: But the arm that I was trying to use always fell off because of it's weight. So I switched to the aluminum one. Using that arm now gives me 5 seconds easily and a clear signal. However, the signal is at interestingly narrow band, I am unsure why that is. Hi there, When deciding where to mount the top suspension on a Lehman arm, balance the arm + mass on a round rod and slide it along until the mass balances the weight of the rest of the arm. Mount the top suspension at this point and you should get zero vertical loading on the bottom suspension. This greatly reduces any tendency to slip while it is in operation. Mount both balls / vertical rollers on the frame for greatly improved stability. On a Lehman, the swing axis is at a very small angle to the local vertical. Changing this angle alters the natural period. Some values are shown at _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/swing/index.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/swing/index.html) To get a period of 20 seconds instead of 10 seconds, you need a swing angle 1/4 that in the table. The various sorts of pendulum are shown at _http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/PH3110/pendulums.html_ (http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/PH3110/pendulums.html) See the Lehman diagram. The swing angle theta is usually set using a vertical screw on the base frame close to the mass, which tilts the whole frame. Using a single frame enables you to set up the sensor clearance first, then the period and finally the damping without the adjustments effecting one another. When you have set up the natural period, you then need to set the damping to about 0.7 critical to get a broad band response. Note the balance position and mark it using a fibre pen. Using a ruler or similar lever, gently move the mass 10 mm to one side and then release it. The mass should swing 1/2 mm beyond the balance position and then slowly return to the balance position. Adjust the damping until you get about this response. If you use very little damping, the sensor will give a narrow band response, peaked about it's natural period, as Jon described. I use a ~1 mm thick sheet of Copper for the damping blade, but you can also use pure Aluminum. See _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/lehman/index.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/lehman/index.html) Note that the damping blade is larger than the damping magnets and can be positioned so that it only partly covers the central N/S magnet junction. The damping is increased by moving the magnet block so that the damping plate covers more of the N/S magnet junction. It is possible to use Alnico magnets as described in the 1979 Sci Am article, but NdFeB rectangular block magnets are both cheaper and give a stronger field. Mounting the damping plate horizontally as shown in the photo makes it much easier to adjust the damping. See photo _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/2008%20lehman/lehman_prototype.jpg_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/2008%20lehman/lehman_prototype.jpg) The left hand red damping magnet block partly covers the Copper damping plate. The right hand red magnet block covers the sensor coil attached to the square Al block on the arm. Note also the rigid V wire suspension made from 7 core SS fishing trace and the wind on wire adjustment at the top of the vertical column. This Lehman seems to be a good design. I can set it for stable periods of up to 60 seconds, but it then becomes very sensitive to ground tilts. Photos of an earlier prototype before the top suspension was modified are shown at _http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/school/MKII/index.html_ (http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/school/MKII/index.html) Jon, if you look at the lehman_prototype photo, you will see a vertical adjusting screw with a black knob on the right hand end of the frame. This controls the tilt of the whole frame and sets the period. Regards, Chris Chapman

In a message dated 07/05/2009, jonfr@......... writes:

But the arm that I was trying to use always fell off because of it's weight. So= I switched to the aluminum one. Using that arm now gives me 5 seconds easi= ly and a clear signal.
However, the signal is at interestingly narrow band,= I am unsure why that is.

Hi there,

When deciding where to mount the top suspensi= on on a Lehman arm, balance the arm + mass on a round rod and slide it along unt= il the mass balances the weight of the rest of the arm. Mount the top suspension= at this point and you should get zero vertical loading on the bottom suspension. This greatly reduces any tendency to slip while it is in= operation. Mount both balls / vertical rollers on the frame for greatly im= proved stability.

On a Lehman, the swing axis is at a very smal= l angle to the local vertical. Changing this angle alters the natural period= .. Some values are shown at http://jclahr.com/= science/psn/swing/index.html To get a period of 20 seconds instead of 10 seconds, you need a swing angl= e 1/4 that in the table. The various sorts of pendulum are shown at http://www.ph= y.mtu.edu/~suits/PH3110/pendulums.html See the Lehman diagram.

The swing angle theta is usually set using a= vertical screw on the base frame close to the mass, which tilts the= whole frame. Using a single frame enables you to set up the sensor clearanc= e first, then the period and finally the damping without the adjustment= s effecting one another.

When you have set up the natural period, you= then need to set the damping to about 0.7 critical to get a broad band response= .. Note the balance position and mark it using a fibre pen. Using a ruler or simil= ar lever, gently move the mass 10 mm to one side and then release it. The mas= s should swing 1/2 mm beyond the balance position and then slowly return to= the balance position. Adjust the damping until you get about this response.

If you use very little damping, the sensor will give a narrow band response, peaked about= it's natural period, as Jon described. I use a ~1 mm thick sheet of Copper for= the damping blade, but you can also use pure Aluminum. See http://jc= lahr.com/science/psn/chapman/lehman/index.html Note that the damping blade is larger than the damping magnets and can be posit= ioned so that it only partly covers the central N/S magnet junction. The damping= is increased by moving the magnet block so that the damping plate covers more= of the N/S magnet junction. It is possible to use Alnico magnets as desc= ribed in the 1979 Sci Am article, but NdFeB rectangular block magnets are both cheaper and give a stronger field.

Mounting the damping plate horizontally= as shown in the photo makes it much easier to adjust the damping. See photo http://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/2008%20lehman/lehman_prototy= pe.jpg The left hand red damping magnet block partly covers the Copper damping plate.= The right hand red magnet block covers the sensor coil attached to the square= Al block on the arm. Note also the rigid V wire suspension made from 7 core= SS fishing trace and the wind on wire adjustment at the top of the vertical= column. This Lehman seems to be a good design. I can set it for stable period= s of up to 60 seconds, but it then becomes very sensitive to ground tilts. Photos of an earlier prototype before the top suspension was= modified are shown at http= ://jclahr.com/science/psn/chapman/school/MKII/index.html

Jon, if you look at the lehman_prototype phot= o, you will see a vertical adjusting screw with a black knob on the right hand en= d of the frame. This controls the tilt of the whole frame and sets the period.=

Regards,

Chris Chapman

Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: "Geoffrey" gmvoeth@........... Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 17:04:41 -0700 Gee, I believe this to be one of those garden gate seismometers. I always thought of it as a modified pendulum changing the acceleration of gravity in a trigonometric fashion. This means the mass is the lowest point on the lever arm or you can not have stability. It manipulates the pull of gravity like Sine or Cosine of the angle relative to horizontal. I believe you guys are thinking much more complex then myself. You more than likely will never take souls like me very serious. Sort of like Rodney Dangerfield ??? ----- Original Message ----- From: "J�n Fr�mann" To: "PSN-Postlist" Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? Hi all Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period at most. The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or up ? Or do I have to do something else. Regards. -- J�n Fr�mann http://www.jonfr.com __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?J=F3n_Fr=EDmann?= jonfr@......... Date: Fri, 08 May 2009 01:08:52 +0000 Hi all I got the period down to 6 seconds at the lower end, but at 4 seconds the high end. But I have to do it adjust the period really slowly. I am not sure what I can detect at 6 seconds. Geoffrey, I know what you mean. I am trying to understand something in a diffrent language and am trying to understand something that I have not got a big traning on. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On fim, 2009-05-07 at 17:04 -0700, Geoffrey wrote: > Gee, I believe this to be one of those > garden gate seismometers. > I always thought of it as a modified > pendulum changing the acceleration of gravity > in a trigonometric fashion. > This means the mass is the lowest point on the lever arm > or you can not have stability. > It manipulates the pull of gravity > like Sine or Cosine of the angle relative > to horizontal. > I believe you guys are thinking much more > complex then myself. > You more than likely will never > take souls like me very serious. > Sort of like Rodney Dangerfield ??? >=20 > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period > at most. >=20 > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: JAMES RIDOUT jamesridout@.............. Date: Fri, 8 May 2009 05:41:18 +0000 (GMT) Jon, =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 I found it very confusing when setting the period for my se= ismograph, and for a=20 long time took the period to be the time it takes the arm to swing from one= side to the other.( I could never get much more than 10 seconds)!!. =A0But apparently I am wrong, The period is the time it takes for the arm t= o swing past the same point in the same direction twice. So if you hold the arm tow= ards you =A0and let it go, as it passes the centre, start a stopwatch, then let=A0th= e arm=A0go to the other side, then back towards you , and as it passes the centre again press stop. This = is the period. =A0 Anyone please correct me if I am wrong. !!. =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 James --- On Fri, 8/5/09, J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: From: J=F3n Fr=EDmann Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? To: psn-l@.............. Date: Friday, 8 May, 2009, 2:08 AM Hi all I got the period down to 6 seconds at the lower end, but at 4 seconds the high end. But I have to do it adjust the period really slowly. I am not sure what I can detect at 6 seconds. Geoffrey, I know what you mean. I am trying to understand something in a diffrent language and am trying to understand something that I have not got a big traning on. Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. On fim, 2009-05-07 at 17:04 -0700, Geoffrey wrote: > Gee, I believe this to be one of those > garden gate seismometers. > I always thought of it as a modified > pendulum changing the acceleration of gravity > in a trigonometric fashion. > This means the mass is the lowest point on the lever arm > or you can not have stability. > It manipulates the pull of gravity > like Sine or Cosine of the angle relative > to horizontal. > I believe you guys are thinking much more > complex then myself. > You more than likely will never > take souls like me very serious. > Sort of like Rodney Dangerfield ??? >=20 > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds period > at most. >=20 > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. >=20 > Regards. __________________________________________________________ Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

Jon,

I found it very confusing when setting = the period for my seismograph, and for a

long time took the period to be the time it takes the arm to swing fro= m one side to the

other.( I could never get much more than 10 seconds)!!.

But apparently I am wrong, The period is the time it takes for t= he arm to swing

past the same point in the same direction twice. = So if you hold the arm towards you

and let it go, as it passes the centre, start a stopwatch, then = let the arm go to the other side,

then back towards you , and as it passes the centre again press stop. = This is the period.

Anyone please correct me if I am wrong. !!.

&nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; &nbs= p; James

--- On Fri, 8/5/09, J=F3n Fr=EDmann <jonfr@j= onfr.com> wrote:

From: J=F3n Fr=EDmann <jonfr@.........>
Subj= ect: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ?
To: psn-l@webtro= nics.com
Date: Friday, 8 May, 2009, 2:08 AM

Hi all

I got the period down to 6 seconds at the lower end, but at 4 seconds
the high end. But I have to do it adjust the period really slowly. I am
not sure what I can detect at 6 seconds.

Geoffrey, I know what you mean. I am trying to understand something in a
diffrent language and am trying to understand something that I have not
got a big traning on.

Regards.
J=F3n Fr=EDmann.

On fim, 2009-05-07 at 17:04 -0700, Geoffrey wrote:
> Gee, I believe this to be one of those
> garden gate seismometers.
> I always thought of it as a modified
> pendulum changing the acceleration of gravity
> in a trigonometric fashion.
> This means the mass is the lowest point on the lever arm
> or you can not have stability.
> It manipulates the pull of gravity
> like Sine or Cosine of the angle relative
> to horizontal.
> I believe you guys are thinking much more
> complex then myself.
> You more than likely will never
> take souls like me very serious.
> Sort of like Rodney Dangerfield ???
>=20
> ----- Original Message -----=20
> From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" <jonfr@.........>
> To: "PSN-Postlist" <PSN-L@..............>
> Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM
> Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ?
>=20
>=20
> Hi all
>=20
> Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter.=
 I
> hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds peri=
od
> at most.
>=20
> The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to
> increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or
> up ? Or do I have to do something else.
>=20
> Regards.

__________________________________________________________

Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L)

Subject: RE: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? From: "Steve Hammond" shammon1@............. Date: Thu, 7 May 2009 23:12:13 -0700 No need your correct. There are a few other tricks you can add. I pull = the are back with a light cotton string or even thread and then let go of = one end and pull it out of the way. In this way you don=92t add any = additional energy or vibration. The second method works well when the box is sealed = and you want to check the period. With the D/A recording walk up to the = device and stand there for 20-30 seconds and then step back a couple of yards. = This is the WUWA test others=92 have talked about on this list. Walk Up Walk = Away. This send most Lehman=92s in motion and allows the operator a method for checking to see f the device is operational and what the dampened period = is. This might also help. I have pasted a chart below and if you email me = I=92ll send you the excel version. This is the natural period table I made from = a calculation I think came from Shan a longtime ago. The heading is in = the upper section and ran from A1 to W1. The 100 second line ran from C1 to = W1 and so on. I use the chart to determine how much tilt is set on my = device when I adjust the period. I have a 30-in boom length on my Lehman and normally setup a 12-14 second period which means the angle on the boom = is between .25 to .5 degrees.=20 Regards, Steve Hammond PSN San Jose, Aptos CA. http://www.PublicSeismicNetwork.com =20 =20 Boom length Natural period @ .05 degree Natural Period @ .1 degree Natural Period @ .25 degree Natural Period @ .5 = degree Natural Period @ .75 degree Natural Period @ 1 degree = Natural Period @ 2 degree Natural Period @ 3 degree = Natural Period @ 4 degree Natural Period @ 5 degree 2*pi 980CM/sec^2 .05 degree sine .1 degree sign .25 sine .5 sine .75 degree sine 1 degree sine 2 degree sine 3 degree sine 4 degree sine 5 degree sine =20 100 67.943 48.043 30.385 21.486 17.543 15.193 10.744 8.773 7.599 6.799 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 99 67.602 47.802 30.233 21.378 17.455 15.117 = 10.690 8.729 7.561 6.765 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 98 67.260 47.560 30.080 21.270 17.367 15.040 = 10.636 8.685 7.523 6.730 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 97 66.916 47.317 29.926 21.161 17.278 14.963 = 10.581 8.641 7.484 6.696 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 96 66.570 47.072 29.771 21.051 17.189 14.886 = 10.527 8.596 7.446 6.661 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 95 66.222 46.826 29.616 20.941 17.099 14.808 = 10.472 8.551 7.407 6.626 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 94 65.873 46.579 29.459 20.831 17.009 14.730 = 10.416 8.506 7.368 6.591 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 93 65.522 46.331 29.302 20.720 16.918 14.651 = 10.361 8.461 7.329 6.556 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 92 65.168 46.081 29.144 20.608 16.827 14.572 = 10.305 8.415 7.289 6.521 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 91 64.813 45.830 28.985 20.496 16.735 14.493 = 10.249 8.369 7.249 6.485 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 90 64.456 45.577 28.826 20.383 16.643 14.413 = 10.192 8.323 7.209 6.450 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 89 64.097 45.323 28.665 20.269 16.550 14.333 = 10.136 8.277 7.169 6.414 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 88 63.736 45.068 28.504 20.155 16.457 14.252 = 10.079 8.230 7.129 6.378 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 87 63.373 44.811 28.341 20.040 16.363 14.171 = 10.021 8.183 7.088 6.341 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 86 63.008 44.553 28.178 19.925 16.269 14.089 9.963 8.136 7.047 6.305 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 85 62.640 44.293 28.014 19.809 16.174 14.007 9.905 8.089 7.006 6.268 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 84 62.271 44.032 27.848 19.692 16.078 13.924 9.847 8.041 6.965 6.231 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 83 61.899 43.769 27.682 19.574 15.982 13.841 9.788 7.993 6.923 6.194 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 82 61.525 43.505 27.515 19.456 15.886 13.758 9.729 7.945 6.881 6.156 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 81 61.148 43.239 27.346 19.337 15.789 13.674 9.669 7.896 6.839 6.119 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 80 60.770 42.971 27.177 19.217 15.691 13.589 9.610 7.847 6.797 6.081 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 79 60.389 42.701 27.007 19.097 15.593 13.504 9.549 7.798 6.754 6.043 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 78 60.005 42.430 26.835 18.975 15.494 13.418 9.489 7.748 6.712 6.004 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 77 59.620 42.157 26.663 18.853 15.394 13.332 9.428 7.699 6.668 5.966 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 76 59.231 41.883 26.489 18.731 15.294 13.245 9.366 7.648 6.625 5.927 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 75 58.840 41.606 26.314 18.607 15.193 13.157 9.304 7.598 6.581 5.888 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 74 58.447 41.328 26.138 18.483 15.091 13.069 9.242 7.547 6.537 5.848 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 73 58.050 41.048 25.961 18.357 14.989 12.981 9.179 7.496 6.493 5.809 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 72 57.651 40.766 25.783 18.231 14.886 12.892 9.116 7.444 6.448 5.769 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 71 57.250 40.482 25.603 18.104 14.782 12.802 9.053 7.393 6.403 5.729 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 70 56.845 40.195 25.422 17.976 14.678 12.711 8.989 7.340 6.358 5.688 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 69 56.437 39.907 25.240 17.847 14.572 12.620 8.924 7.288 6.312 5.647 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 68 56.027 39.617 25.056 17.717 14.466 12.528 8.860 7.235 6.267 5.606 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 67 55.614 39.325 24.871 17.587 14.360 12.436 8.794 7.181 6.220 5.565 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 66 55.197 39.030 24.685 17.455 14.252 12.343 8.728 7.128 6.174 5.523 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 65 54.777 38.733 24.497 17.322 14.144 12.249 8.662 7.073 6.127 5.481 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 64 54.354 38.434 24.308 17.188 14.034 12.154 8.595 7.019 6.079 5.439 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 63 53.928 38.133 24.117 17.054 13.924 12.059 8.528 6.964 6.032 5.396 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 62 53.498 37.829 23.925 16.918 13.813 11.963 8.460 6.908 5.984 5.353 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 61 53.065 37.523 23.731 16.781 13.702 11.866 8.391 6.852 5.935 5.310 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 60 52.628 37.214 23.536 16.643 13.589 11.768 8.322 6.796 5.886 5.266 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 59 52.188 36.902 23.339 16.503 13.475 11.670 8.252 6.739 5.837 5.222 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 58 51.744 36.588 23.141 16.363 13.360 11.571 8.182 6.682 5.787 5.178 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 57 51.296 36.272 22.940 16.221 13.245 11.470 8.111 6.624 5.737 5.133 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 56 50.844 35.952 22.738 16.078 13.128 11.369 8.040 6.565 5.687 5.088 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 55 50.388 35.629 22.534 15.934 13.010 11.267 7.968 6.507 5.636 5.042 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 54 49.928 35.304 22.328 15.789 12.891 11.164 7.895 6.447 5.584 4.996 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 53 49.463 34.976 22.121 15.642 12.771 11.061 7.822 6.387 5.532 4.949 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 52 48.994 34.644 21.911 15.493 12.650 10.956 7.747 6.327 5.480 4.903 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 51 48.521 34.309 21.699 15.344 12.528 10.850 7.673 6.265 5.427 4.855 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 50 48.043 33.971 21.485 15.193 12.405 10.743 7.597 6.204 5.374 4.807 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 49 47.560 33.630 21.269 15.040 12.280 10.635 7.521 6.141 5.320 4.759 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 48 47.072 33.285 21.051 14.886 12.154 10.526 7.444 6.078 5.265 4.710 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 47 46.579 32.936 20.831 14.730 12.027 10.416 7.366 6.015 5.210 4.661 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 46 46.081 32.584 20.608 14.572 11.898 10.304 7.287 5.950 5.154 4.611 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 45 45.577 32.228 20.383 14.413 11.768 10.192 7.207 5.885 5.098 4.561 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 44 45.068 31.868 20.155 14.252 11.637 10.078 7.127 5.820 5.041 4.510 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 43 44.553 31.504 19.925 14.089 11.504 9.963 = 7.045 5.753 4.983 4.458 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 42 44.032 31.135 19.692 13.924 11.369 9.846 = 6.963 5.686 4.925 4.406 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 41 43.505 30.762 19.456 13.757 11.233 9.728 = 6.879 5.618 4.866 4.353 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 40 42.971 30.385 19.217 13.589 11.095 9.609 = 6.795 5.549 4.806 4.300 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 39 42.430 30.003 18.975 13.418 10.956 9.488 = 6.709 5.479 4.746 4.246 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 38 41.883 29.616 18.731 13.245 10.814 9.366 = 6.623 5.408 4.685 4.191 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 37 41.328 29.223 18.482 13.069 10.671 9.241 = 6.535 5.337 4.622 4.135 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 36 40.766 28.826 18.231 12.891 10.526 9.116 = 6.446 5.264 4.560 4.079 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 35 40.195 28.423 17.976 12.711 10.379 8.988 = 6.356 5.190 4.496 4.022 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 34 39.617 28.014 17.717 12.528 10.229 8.859 = 6.265 5.116 4.431 3.964 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 33 39.030 27.598 17.455 12.342 10.078 8.728 = 6.172 5.040 4.365 3.905 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 32 38.434 27.177 17.188 12.154 9.924 8.594 = 6.078 4.963 4.299 3.846 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 31 37.829 26.749 16.918 11.963 9.768 8.459 = 5.982 4.885 4.231 3.785 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 30 37.214 26.314 16.643 11.768 9.609 8.321 = 5.885 4.805 4.162 3.724 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 29 36.588 25.872 16.363 11.570 9.447 8.182 = 5.786 4.725 4.092 3.661 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 28 35.952 25.422 16.078 11.369 9.283 8.039 = 5.685 4.642 4.021 3.597 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 27 35.304 24.964 15.788 11.164 9.116 7.894 = 5.583 4.559 3.949 3.533 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 26 34.644 24.497 15.493 10.956 8.945 7.747 = 5.478 4.474 3.875 3.467 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 25 33.971 24.021 15.192 10.743 8.771 7.596 = 5.372 4.387 3.800 3.399 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 24 33.285 23.536 14.886 10.526 8.594 7.443 = 5.263 4.298 3.723 3.331 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 23 32.584 23.041 14.572 10.304 8.413 7.286 = 5.153 4.208 3.645 3.260 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 22 31.868 22.534 14.252 10.078 8.228 7.126 = 5.039 4.115 3.564 3.189 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 21 31.135 22.016 13.924 9.846 8.039 6.962 = 4.923 4.020 3.482 3.116 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 20 30.385 21.485 13.589 9.609 7.845 6.794 = 4.805 3.924 3.399 3.040 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 19 29.616 20.941 13.245 9.365 7.647 6.622 = 4.683 3.824 3.312 2.963 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 18 28.826 20.383 12.891 9.116 7.443 6.446 = 4.558 3.722 3.224 2.884 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 17 28.014 19.809 12.528 8.859 7.233 6.264 = 4.430 3.617 3.133 2.803 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 16 27.177 19.217 12.154 8.594 7.017 6.077 = 4.298 3.509 3.040 2.719 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 15 26.314 18.607 11.768 8.321 6.794 5.884 = 4.161 3.398 2.943 2.633 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 14 25.422 17.976 11.369 8.039 6.564 5.685 = 4.020 3.283 2.843 2.544 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 13 24.497 17.322 10.955 7.747 6.325 5.478 = 3.874 3.163 2.740 2.451 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 12 23.536 16.643 10.526 7.443 6.077 5.263 = 3.722 3.039 2.632 2.355 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 11 22.534 15.934 10.078 7.126 5.818 5.039 = 3.563 2.910 2.520 2.255 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 10 21.485 15.192 9.609 6.794 5.548 4.804 = 3.397 2.774 2.403 2.150 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 = 0.069756474 0.087155743 9 20.383 14.413 9.115 6.446 5.263 4.558 3.223 2.632 2.280 2.040 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 8 19.217 13.589 8.594 6.077 4.962 4.297 3.039 2.481 2.149 1.923 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 7 17.976 12.711 8.039 5.685 4.641 4.020 2.843 2.321 2.011 1.799 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 6 16.643 11.768 7.443 5.263 4.297 3.721 2.632 2.149 1.861 1.665 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 5 15.192 10.743 6.794 4.804 3.923 3.397 2.402 1.962 1.699 1.520 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 4 13.589 9.609 6.077 4.297 3.509 3.039 2.149 1.755 1.520 1.360 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 3 11.768 8.321 5.263 3.721 3.039 2.631 1.861 1.520 1.316 1.178 6.283185307 980 8.73E-04 0.001745328 0.004363309 0.008726535 0.013089596 0.017452406 0.034899497 0.052335956 0.069756474 0.087155743 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 If the 24cm long boom with a natural = period of 14.886 is tilted .0000001 or 1 micron the boom displacement would = be ..2143 CM 14.886 221.5792 microns cm of movement 1 0.214316064 2 0.428632129 3 0.857264258 4 0.857264258 5 1.071580322 6 1.285896387 7 1.500212451 8 1.714528516 9 1.92884458 10 2.143160645 11 2.357476709 12 2.571792774 13 2.786108838 14 3.000424902 15 3.214740967 16 3.429057031 17 3.643373096 18 3.85768916 19 4.072005225 20 4.286321289 21 4.500637354 22 4.714953418 23 4.929269483 24 5.143585547 25 5.357901611 26 5.572217676 =20 From: psn-l-request@.............. [mailto:psn-l-request@............... = On Behalf Of JAMES RIDOUT Sent: Thursday, May 07, 2009 10:41 PM To: psn-l@.............. Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? =20 Jon, I found it very confusing when setting the period for my = seismograph, and for a=20 long time took the period to be the time it takes the arm to swing from = one side to the other.( I could never get much more than 10 seconds)!!. But apparently I am wrong, The period is the time it takes for the arm = to swing past the same point in the same direction twice. So if you hold the arm towards you and let it go, as it passes the centre, start a stopwatch, then let the = arm go to the other side, then back towards you , and as it passes the centre again press stop. = This is the period. Anyone please correct me if I am wrong. !!. James --- On Fri, 8/5/09, J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote: From: J=F3n Fr=EDmann Subject: Re: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? To: psn-l@.............. Date: Friday, 8 May, 2009, 2:08 AM Hi all =20 I got the period down to 6 seconds at the lower end, but at 4 seconds the high end. But I have to do it adjust the period really slowly. I am not sure what I can detect at 6 seconds. =20 Geoffrey, I know what you mean. I am trying to understand something in a diffrent language and am trying to understand something that I have not got a big traning on. =20 Regards. J=F3n Fr=EDmann. =20 On fim, 2009-05-07 at 17:04 -0700, Geoffrey wrote: > Gee, I believe this to be one of those > garden gate seismometers. > I always thought of it as a modified > pendulum changing the acceleration of gravity > in a trigonometric fashion. > This means the mass is the lowest point on the lever arm > or you can not have stability. > It manipulates the pull of gravity > like Sine or Cosine of the angle relative > to horizontal. > I believe you guys are thinking much more > complex then myself. > You more than likely will never > take souls like me very serious. > Sort of like Rodney Dangerfield ??? >=20 > ----- Original Message -----=20 > From: "J=F3n Fr=EDmann" > To: "PSN-Postlist" > Sent: Wednesday, May 06, 2009 7:54 PM > Subject: Incresing the period of a lehmans seismomter ? >=20 >=20 > Hi all >=20 > Tomorrow I am going to make the final changes to my lehman seismomter. = I > hope that this changes make the seismomter get down to 20 seconds = period > at most. >=20 > The only thing that I need to know is this. What is the best way to > increase the period of my lehman seismomter ? Moving the boom down or > up ? Or do I have to do something else. >=20 > Regards. =20 __________________________________________________________ =20 Public Seismic Network Mailing List (PSN-L) =20 =20

No need your correct. There are a few other tricks you = can add. I pull the are back with a light cotton string or even thread and then = let go of one end and pull it out of the way. In this way you don’t add = any additional energy or vibration. The second method works well when the = box is sealed and you want to check the period. With the D/A recording walk up = to the device and stand there for 20-30 seconds and then step back a couple of = yards. This is the WUWA test others’ have talked about on this list. Walk = Up Walk Away. This send most Lehman’s in motion and allows the operator a = method for checking to see f the device is operational and what the dampened = period is. =A0This might also help. I have pasted a chart below and if you = email me I’ll send you the excel version. This is the natural period table I made from = a calculation I think came from Shan a longtime ago. =A0The heading is in = the upper section and ran from A1 to W1. The 100 second line ran from C1 to W1 and = so on. I use the chart to determine how much tilt is set on my device when I = adjust the period. I have a 30-in boom length on my Lehman and =A0normally = setup a 12-14 second period which means the angle on the boom is between .25 to =A0.5 = degrees.

Regards, Steve Hammond PSN San Jose, Aptos CA. = http://www.PublicSeismicNetw= ork.com

Boom length=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural period @ .05 = degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ .1 degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ .25 = degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ ..5 degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ .75 = degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ 1 = degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ 2 degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural = Period @ 3 degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ 4 degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 Natural Period @ 5 = degree=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 2*pi=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980CM/sec^2=A0=A0=A0 = ..05 degree sine .1 degree sign=A0=A0=A0 .25 sine .5 sine=A0=A0 .75 degree = sine 1 degree sine =A0=A0=A0 2 degree sine=A0=A0=A0=A0 3 degree sine=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 4 degree = sine=A0=A0=A0=A0 5 degree sine

=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0

100=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 67.943=A0=A0 48.043=A0=A0 = 30.385=A0=A0 21.486=A0=A0 17.543=A0=A0 15.193=A0=A0 10.744=A0=A0 = 8.773=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.599=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.799=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

99=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 67.602=A0=A0 = 47.802=A0=A0 30.233=A0=A0 21.378=A0=A0 17.455=A0=A0 15.117=A0=A0 = 10.690=A0=A0 8.729=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.561=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.765=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

98=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 67.260=A0=A0 = 47.560=A0=A0 30.080=A0=A0 21.270=A0=A0 17.367=A0=A0 15.040=A0=A0 = 10.636=A0=A0 8.685=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.523=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.730=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

97=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 66.916=A0=A0 = 47.317=A0=A0 29.926=A0=A0 21.161=A0=A0 17.278=A0=A0 14.963=A0=A0 = 10.581=A0=A0 8.641=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.484=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.696=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

96=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 66.570=A0=A0 = 47.072=A0=A0 29.771=A0=A0 21.051=A0=A0 17.189=A0=A0 14.886=A0=A0 = 10.527=A0=A0 8.596=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.446=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.661=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

95=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 66.222=A0=A0 = 46.826=A0=A0 29.616=A0=A0 20.941=A0=A0 17.099=A0=A0 14.808=A0=A0 = 10.472=A0=A0 8.551=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.407=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.626=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

94=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 65.873=A0=A0 = 46.579=A0=A0 29.459=A0=A0 20.831=A0=A0 17.009=A0=A0 14.730=A0=A0 = 10.416=A0=A0 8.506=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.368=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.591=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

93=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 65.522=A0=A0 = 46.331=A0=A0 29.302=A0=A0 20.720=A0=A0 16.918=A0=A0 14.651=A0=A0 = 10.361=A0=A0 8.461=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.329=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.556=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

92=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 65.168=A0=A0 = 46.081=A0=A0 29.144=A0=A0 20.608=A0=A0 16.827=A0=A0 14.572=A0=A0 = 10.305=A0=A0 8.415=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.289=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.521=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

91=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 64.813=A0=A0 = 45.830=A0=A0 28.985=A0=A0 20.496=A0=A0 16.735=A0=A0 14.493=A0=A0 = 10.249=A0=A0 8.369=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.249=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.485=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

90=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 64.456=A0=A0 = 45.577=A0=A0 28.826=A0=A0 20.383=A0=A0 16.643=A0=A0 14.413=A0=A0 = 10.192=A0=A0 8.323=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.209=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.450=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

89=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 64.097=A0=A0 = 45.323=A0=A0 28.665=A0=A0 20.269=A0=A0 16.550=A0=A0 14.333=A0=A0 = 10.136=A0=A0 8.277=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.169=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.414=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

88=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 63.736=A0=A0 = 45.068=A0=A0 28.504=A0=A0 20.155=A0=A0 16.457=A0=A0 14.252=A0=A0 = 10.079=A0=A0 8.230=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.129=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.378=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

87=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 63.373=A0=A0 = 44.811=A0=A0 28.341=A0=A0 20.040=A0=A0 16.363=A0=A0 14.171=A0=A0 = 10.021=A0=A0 8.183=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.088=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.341=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

86=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 63.008=A0=A0 = 44.553=A0=A0 28.178=A0=A0 19.925=A0=A0 16.269=A0=A0 14.089=A0=A0 = 9.963=A0=A0=A0=A0 8.136=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.047=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.305=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

85=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 62.640=A0=A0 = 44.293=A0=A0 28.014=A0=A0 19.809=A0=A0 16.174=A0=A0 14.007=A0=A0 = 9.905=A0=A0=A0=A0 8.089=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.006=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.268=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

84=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 62.271=A0=A0 = 44.032=A0=A0 27.848=A0=A0 19.692=A0=A0 16.078=A0=A0 13.924=A0=A0 = 9.847=A0=A0=A0=A0 8.041=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.965=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.231=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

83=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 61.899=A0=A0 = 43.769=A0=A0 27.682=A0=A0 19.574=A0=A0 15.982=A0=A0 13.841=A0=A0 = 9.788=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.993=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.923=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.194=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

82=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 61.525=A0=A0 = 43.505=A0=A0 27.515=A0=A0 19.456=A0=A0 15.886=A0=A0 13.758=A0=A0 = 9.729=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.945=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.881=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.156=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

81=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 61.148=A0=A0 = 43.239=A0=A0 27.346=A0=A0 19.337=A0=A0 15.789=A0=A0 13.674=A0=A0 = 9.669=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.896=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.839=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.119=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

80=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 60.770=A0=A0 = 42.971=A0=A0 27.177=A0=A0 19.217=A0=A0 15.691=A0=A0 13.589=A0=A0 = 9.610=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.847=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.797=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.081=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

79=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 60.389=A0=A0 = 42.701=A0=A0 27.007=A0=A0 19.097=A0=A0 15.593=A0=A0 13.504=A0=A0 = 9.549=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.798=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.754=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.043=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

78=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 60.005=A0=A0 = 42.430=A0=A0 26.835=A0=A0 18.975=A0=A0 15.494=A0=A0 13.418=A0=A0 = 9.489=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.748=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.712=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.004=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

77=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 59.620=A0=A0 = 42.157=A0=A0 26.663=A0=A0 18.853=A0=A0 15.394=A0=A0 13.332=A0=A0 = 9.428=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.699=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.668=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.966=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

76=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 59.231=A0=A0 = 41.883=A0=A0 26.489=A0=A0 18.731=A0=A0 15.294=A0=A0 13.245=A0=A0 = 9.366=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.648=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.625=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.927=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

75=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 58.840=A0=A0 = 41.606=A0=A0 26.314=A0=A0 18.607=A0=A0 15.193=A0=A0 13.157=A0=A0 = 9.304=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.598=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.581=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.888=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

74=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 58.447=A0=A0 = 41.328=A0=A0 26.138=A0=A0 18.483=A0=A0 15.091=A0=A0 13.069=A0=A0 = 9.242=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.547=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.537=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.848=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

73=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 58.050=A0=A0 = 41.048=A0=A0 25.961=A0=A0 18.357=A0=A0 14.989=A0=A0 12.981=A0=A0 = 9.179=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.496=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.493=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.809=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

72=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 57.651=A0=A0 = 40.766=A0=A0 25.783=A0=A0 18.231=A0=A0 14.886=A0=A0 12.892=A0=A0 = 9.116=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.444=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.448=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.769=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

71=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 57.250=A0=A0 = 40.482=A0=A0 25.603=A0=A0 18.104=A0=A0 14.782=A0=A0 12.802=A0=A0 = 9.053=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.393=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.403=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.729=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

70=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 56.845=A0=A0 = 40.195=A0=A0 25.422=A0=A0 17.976=A0=A0 14.678=A0=A0 12.711=A0=A0 = 8.989=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.340=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.358=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.688=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

69=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 56.437=A0=A0 = 39.907=A0=A0 25.240=A0=A0 17.847=A0=A0 14.572=A0=A0 12.620=A0=A0 = 8.924=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.288=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.312=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.647=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

68=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 56.027=A0=A0 = 39.617=A0=A0 25.056=A0=A0 17.717=A0=A0 14.466=A0=A0 12.528=A0=A0 = 8.860=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.235=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.267=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.606=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

67=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 55.614=A0=A0 = 39.325=A0=A0 24.871=A0=A0 17.587=A0=A0 14.360=A0=A0 12.436=A0=A0 = 8.794=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.181=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.220=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.565=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

66=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 55.197=A0=A0 = 39.030=A0=A0 24.685=A0=A0 17.455=A0=A0 14.252=A0=A0 12.343=A0=A0 = 8.728=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.128=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.174=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.523=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

65=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 54.777=A0=A0 = 38.733=A0=A0 24.497=A0=A0 17.322=A0=A0 14.144=A0=A0 12.249=A0=A0 = 8.662=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.073=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.127=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.481=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

64=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 54.354=A0=A0 = 38.434=A0=A0 24.308=A0=A0 17.188=A0=A0 14.034=A0=A0 12.154=A0=A0 = 8.595=A0=A0=A0=A0 7.019=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.079=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.439=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

63=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 53.928=A0=A0 = 38.133=A0=A0 24.117=A0=A0 17.054=A0=A0 13.924=A0=A0 12.059=A0=A0 = 8.528=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.964=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.032=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.396=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

62=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 53.498=A0=A0 = 37.829=A0=A0 23.925=A0=A0 16.918=A0=A0 13.813=A0=A0 11.963=A0=A0 = 8.460=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.908=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.984=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.353=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

61=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 53.065=A0=A0 = 37.523=A0=A0 23.731=A0=A0 16.781=A0=A0 13.702=A0=A0 11.866=A0=A0 = 8.391=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.852=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.935=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.310=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

60=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 52.628=A0=A0 = 37.214=A0=A0 23.536=A0=A0 16.643=A0=A0 13.589=A0=A0 11.768=A0=A0 = 8.322=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.796=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.886=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.266=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

59=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 52.188=A0=A0 = 36.902=A0=A0 23.339=A0=A0 16.503=A0=A0 13.475=A0=A0 11.670=A0=A0 = 8.252=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.739=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.837=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.222=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

58=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 51.744=A0=A0 = 36.588=A0=A0 23.141=A0=A0 16.363=A0=A0 13.360=A0=A0 11.571=A0=A0 = 8.182=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.682=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.787=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.178=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

57=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 51.296=A0=A0 = 36.272=A0=A0 22.940=A0=A0 16.221=A0=A0 13.245=A0=A0 11.470=A0=A0 = 8.111=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.624=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.737=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.133=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

56=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 50.844=A0=A0 = 35.952=A0=A0 22.738=A0=A0 16.078=A0=A0 13.128=A0=A0 11.369=A0=A0 = 8.040=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.565=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.687=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.088=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

55=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 50.388=A0=A0 = 35.629=A0=A0 22.534=A0=A0 15.934=A0=A0 13.010=A0=A0 11.267=A0=A0 = 7.968=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.507=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.636=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.042=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

54=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 49.928=A0=A0 = 35.304=A0=A0 22.328=A0=A0 15.789=A0=A0 12.891=A0=A0 11.164=A0=A0 = 7.895=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.447=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.584=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.996=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

53=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 49.463=A0=A0 = 34.976=A0=A0 22.121=A0=A0 15.642=A0=A0 12.771=A0=A0 11.061=A0=A0 = 7.822=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.387=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.532=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.949=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

52=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 48.994=A0=A0 = 34.644=A0=A0 21.911=A0=A0 15.493=A0=A0 12.650=A0=A0 10.956=A0=A0 = 7.747=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.327=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.480=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.903=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

51=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 48.521=A0=A0 = 34.309=A0=A0 21.699=A0=A0 15.344=A0=A0 12.528=A0=A0 10.850=A0=A0 = 7.673=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.265=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.427=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.855=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

50=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 48.043=A0=A0 = 33.971=A0=A0 21.485=A0=A0 15.193=A0=A0 12.405=A0=A0 10.743=A0=A0 = 7.597=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.204=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.374=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.807=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

49=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 47.560=A0=A0 = 33.630=A0=A0 21.269=A0=A0 15.040=A0=A0 12.280=A0=A0 10.635=A0=A0 = 7.521=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.141=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.320=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.759=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

48=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 47.072=A0=A0 = 33.285=A0=A0 21.051=A0=A0 14.886=A0=A0 12.154=A0=A0 10.526=A0=A0 = 7.444=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.078=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.265=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.710=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

47=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 46.579=A0=A0 = 32.936=A0=A0 20.831=A0=A0 14.730=A0=A0 12.027=A0=A0 10.416=A0=A0 = 7.366=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.015=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.210=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.661=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

46=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 46.081=A0=A0 = 32.584=A0=A0 20.608=A0=A0 14.572=A0=A0 11.898=A0=A0 10.304=A0=A0 = 7.287=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.950=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.154=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.611=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

45=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 45.577=A0=A0 = 32.228=A0=A0 20.383=A0=A0 14.413=A0=A0 11.768=A0=A0 10.192=A0=A0 = 7.207=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.885=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.098=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.561=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

44=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 45.068=A0=A0 = 31.868=A0=A0 20.155=A0=A0 14.252=A0=A0 11.637=A0=A0 10.078=A0=A0 = 7.127=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.820=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.041=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.510=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

43=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 44.553=A0=A0 = 31.504=A0=A0 19.925=A0=A0 14.089=A0=A0 11.504=A0=A0 9.963=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 7.045=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.753=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.983=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.458=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

42=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 44.032=A0=A0 = 31.135=A0=A0 19.692=A0=A0 13.924=A0=A0 11.369=A0=A0 9.846=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.963=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.686=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.925=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.406=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

41=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 43.505=A0=A0 = 30.762=A0=A0 19.456=A0=A0 13.757=A0=A0 11.233=A0=A0 9.728=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.879=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.618=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.866=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.353=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

40=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 42.971=A0=A0 = 30.385=A0=A0 19.217=A0=A0 13.589=A0=A0 11.095=A0=A0 9.609=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.795=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.549=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.806=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.300=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

39=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 42.430=A0=A0 = 30.003=A0=A0 18.975=A0=A0 13.418=A0=A0 10.956=A0=A0 9.488=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.709=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.479=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.746=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.246=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

38=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 41.883=A0=A0 = 29.616=A0=A0 18.731=A0=A0 13.245=A0=A0 10.814=A0=A0 9.366=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.623=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.408=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.685=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.191=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

37=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 41.328=A0=A0 = 29.223=A0=A0 18.482=A0=A0 13.069=A0=A0 10.671=A0=A0 9.241=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.535=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.337=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.622=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.135=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

36=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 40.766=A0=A0 = 28.826=A0=A0 18.231=A0=A0 12.891=A0=A0 10.526=A0=A0 9.116=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.446=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.264=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.560=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.079=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

35=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 40.195=A0=A0 = 28.423=A0=A0 17.976=A0=A0 12.711=A0=A0 10.379=A0=A0 8.988=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.356=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.190=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.496=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.022=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

34=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 39.617=A0=A0 = 28.014=A0=A0 17.717=A0=A0 12.528=A0=A0 10.229=A0=A0 8.859=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.265=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.116=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.431=A0=A0=A0=A0 3.964=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

33=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 39.030=A0=A0 = 27.598=A0=A0 17.455=A0=A0 12.342=A0=A0 10.078=A0=A0 8.728=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.172=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.040=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.365=A0=A0=A0=A0 3.905=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

32=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 38.434=A0=A0 = 27.177=A0=A0 17.188=A0=A0 12.154=A0=A0 9.924=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.594=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.078=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.963=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.299=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 3.846=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743

31=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 37.829=A0=A0 = 26.749=A0=A0 16.918=A0=A0 11.963=A0=A0 9.768=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.459=A0=A0=A0=A0 5.982=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.885=A0=A0=A0=A0 4.231=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 3.785=A0=A0=A0=A0 6.283185307=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 980=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 8.73E-04=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.001745328=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.004363309=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.008726535=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.013089596=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.017452406=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.034899497=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.052335956=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 = 0.069756474=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 0.087155743